러시아 기업가와 사회적 네트워크에 관한 탐색적 고찰:상트페테르부르크와 노보시비르스크 현지조사를 바탕으로 = Russian Entrepreneurs and Social Networks: A tentative research based on in-depth interviews in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구에서는 러시아 기업가 정신의 발전에 있어서 사회적 네트워크의 영향을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 상트페테르부르크와 노보시비르스크에서 기업가들의 활동과 사회적 네트워크의 관련성을 인터뷰를 통하여 조사하였다. 오늘날 러시아에서의 경제적 활동과 과정들은 특히 소련시기부터 존재해온 블라트와 같은 비공식 네트워크를 포함한 사회적 네트워크를 통하여 이해할 수 있으며 이러한 사회적 네트워크는 불확실성과 거래비용을 낮추어 주고 있다. 이 연구에서도 러시아의 기업가들은 재정적인 자원과 신뢰할 수 있는 고객을 구하기 위하여 그들 자신의 사회적 네트워크를 활용하는 경향이 있음을 보여준다. 러시아 시장경제에서 제도가 제대로 기능하지 않게 됨에 따라 사회적 네트워크는 보완하는 수단이 되기도 하고 심지어는 대체하기도 한다. 최근 들어 사회적 네트워크는 내부화와 경영자 협회 등으로 공식화되면서 시장경제를 지탱하는 제도로 발전하고 있다

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We explore the influences of the social networks in Russia on entrepreneurship development. We use in-depth interviews to obtain a descriptive characterization of the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and social networks in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk. A lot of current economic activities and processes in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk could be understood in terms of social networks, including informal networks such as Blat-relations inherited from Soviet, which reduce uncertainties and minimize transaction costs. Our analysis indicates that Russian entrepreneurs are more likely to make use of their social networks to access financial resources and credible customers. Social networks act as substitutes for malfunctioning institutions of the Russian market economy. Recently, social networks are institutionalized in the form of ‘internalization’ and business association.

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