The initial journey of power distribution system began with the DC form of the power network. Soon the paradigm shift toward the rival AC power network was observed, basically due to the invention of the transformer for efficient voltage level convers...
The initial journey of power distribution system began with the DC form of the power network. Soon the paradigm shift toward the rival AC power network was observed, basically due to the invention of the transformer for efficient voltage level conversion and on the other hand also due to fewer drawbacks in DC power networks. Ultimately the AC power system became the choice for all levels of power system such as generation, transmission, sub-transmission and distribution and dominated the market for a long time. This battle of the currents, as it is referred to, was reignited due to the advancement in the power electronics area and the introduction of efficient and economical distributed energy resources (DER) in the power distribution system.
A hybrid AC-DC distribution network is an alternative solution to transformation power distribution network into more intelligent, economical and efficient system. This area of hybrid AC and DC distribution network has witnessed a number of research efforts in recent decade. This is mainly because DC power is increasing its footnote, not only in the generation side due to the integration of renewable/alternative energy sources, but also showing its presence in consumer load/demand side with modern and sophisticated appliances such as personal computers, laptops, mobiles, LED lighting, etc. As technology develops, a major issue for system designers in this field is ensuring the operation and stability of the hybrid AC and DC distribution network. In hybrid AC and DC distribution network, Voltage Source Converter (VSC) will be replacing the electrical transformers of the AC counterpart for proper interconnection of DC loads, solar and wind energy sources which requires AC/DC/DC conversion at different stages of integration. VSC offers different control schemes such as independent control of active and reactive power of the possible system operation in the hybrid AC-DC distribution network layout. AC-DC distribution network is one of the cost-effective ways to aggregate a huge amount of renewable distributed energy sources on one side and on the other side connects it to the main AC network through a common DC network using the VSC. In AC-DC distribution network layout, DC network operating as an intersection and/or a parallel path to the existing AC network.
In order to fully take the advantages of hybrid AC and DC distribution network, one of the approaches is to minimization of the network power losses by applying any mechanism for the network restructuring through network reconfiguration. In the mentioned approach, the original topology of the network is altered by controlling operation of any device integrated within the network for the said purpose. One of the devices that can be used for this purpose is to use the tie switches in the network.
In the network, this tie switch can be a soft open point (SOPs) which is a power electronic device installed in place of the normally-open points in electrical power distribution networks. One of the advantages of the SOP is its ability to provide active power flow control, reactive power compensation and voltage regulation in the hybrid AC and DC distribution network. In this study, the use of AC-SOP and DC-SOP for the controlled network reconfiguration of the hybrid AC and DC distribution networks are implemented and analyzed. A steady state power flow analysis is conducted, considering the network power loss minimization in the distribution network due to network reconfiguration and voltage profile improvement. This framework considered the combination of both SOP control and network reconfiguration to quantify the benefits in term of network power loss minimization. A case study is performed by combining two IEEE 33-bus distribution network, modifying it into hybrid AC and DC distribution network. The analysis of the combination of AC-SOP and DC-SOP control and network reconfiguration shows an improvement in network loss minimization by operating SOP for network reconfiguration than the original network topology.