New look to phytomedicine : advancements in herbal products as novel drug leads

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Contributors = xv
• Preface = xxi
• Section 1 Introduction to Herbal Therapeutics = 1
• 1. Herbal Medicine : Current Trends and Future Prospects / Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ; Iqbal Ahmad = 1
• 1.1 Introduction = 3
• 1.2 Herbal Medicine : Definition and Its Prospects = 4
• 1.3 Current Status of Herbal Medicine : Source of Modern Medicine From Higher Plants = 6
• 1.4 Future Prospects of Herbal Medicine = 7
• 1.5 Conclusion = 10
• Acknowledgment = 11
• References = 11
• 2. Diversity of Bioactive Compounds and Their Therapeutic Potential / Mohd Musheer Altaf ; Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ; Iqbal Ahmad = 15
• 2.1 Introduction = 15
• 2.2 Classification and Major Representative of Active Compounds = 16
• 2.3 Major Biological Activities of Phyto-Compounds : Occurrence and Mechanisms = 20
• 2.4 As Antioxidants = 21
• 2.5 As Anticancer = 22
• 2.6 As Antimicrobial = 23
• 2.7 As Antiulcer = 24
• 2.8 As Antidiabetic = 24
• 2.9 As Antiinflammatory = 24
• 2.10 Multifunctional Targets = 25
• 2.11 Approaches for Drug Discovery From Phyto-Compounds = 27
• 2.12 Challenges in the Discovery of New Phyto-Compounds = 28
• 2.13 Conclusion and Future Prospects = 31
• References = 31
• 3. Ethnomedicinal Wisdom : An Approach for Antiviral Drug Development / Ananya Das Mahapatra ; Priyanka Bhowmik ; Anwesha Banerjee ; Apurba Das ; Durbadal Ojha ; Debprasad Chattopadhyay = 35
• 3.1 Ethnomedicine : A Boon = 35
• 3.2 Ethnomedicinal Wisdom of Diverse Communities = 36
• 3.3 Ethnomedicine in Indian Context = 38
• 3.4 Viral Diseases - A Global Health Concern = 39
• 3.5 Ethnomedicine and Virus = 40
• 3.6 Mode of Action of Plant-Derived Antiviral Agents = 42
• 3.7 Mechanism of Action of Plant-Derived Antiviral Agents = 43
• 3.8 Antiviral Ethno-Pharmacology of Major Classes of Compounds = 45
• 3.9 Challenges for Ethnomedicines as Antivirals = 52
• 3.10 Conclusion = 54
• References = 54
• Further Reading = 61
• 4. Plant-Derived Prebiotics and Its Health Benefits / Abdullah Safar Althubiani ; Saleh Bakheet Al-Ghamdi ; Samreen ; Faizan Abul Qais ; Mohammad Shavez Khan ; Iqbal Ahmad ; Hesham A. Malak = 63
• 4.1 Introduction = 63
• 4.2 Sources of Prebiotics = 67
• 4.3 Mode of Action of Prebiotics = 69
• 4.4 Chemical Nature and Type of Prebiotics = 71
• 4.5 Extraintestinal Effects of Prebiotics = 76
• 4.6 Significance of Plant-Based Prebiotics in Different Diseases/Clinical Applications in Humans = 78
• 4.7 Conclusion and Future Directions = 81
• References = 82
• Further Reading = 87
• Section 2A : Biological Activity and Discovery of New Compounds From Herbs, Medicinal Plants, and Herbal Medicine = 89
• 5. Moroccan Medicinal Plants as Antiinfective and Antioxidant Agents / Malika Ait-Sidi-Brahim ; Mohammed Markouk ; Mustapha Larhsini = 91
• 5.1 Introduction = 91
• 5.2 Antimicrobial Activity of Moroccan Medicinal Plants = 93
• 5.3 Antimicrobial Synergetic Interactions = 116
• 5.4 Other Activities = 124
• 5.5 Antioxidant Activity = 126
• 5.6 Conclusion = 136
• References = 137
• 6. Antiinflammatory Properties of Herbs in Oral Infection / Sudhanshu Sharma ; Vivek Kumar Sharma ; Sankalp Misra ; Govind Gupta ; Deepak Diwvedi ; Brahma N. Singh ; Puneet Singh Chauhan = 143
• 6.1 Introduction = 143
• 6.2 Inflammation : Old Friend but a Dreadful Foe = 144
• 6.3 Types of Inflammation = 144
• 6.4 Inflammatory Mediators : Key Players in Inflammation = 145
• 6.5 Antiinflammatory : A Retaliation Process = 146
• 6.6 Oral Cavity : A Dynamic Battle Ground = 146
• 6.7 Phytoresources : Natural Combatants = 147
• 6.8 Conclusion = 152
• Acknowledgements = 153
• References = 153
• 7. Bioactive Molecules, Pharmacology and Future Research Trends of Ganoderma lucidium as a Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agent / Temitope O. Lawal ; Sheila M. Wicks ; Angela I. Calderon ; Gail B. Mahady = 159
• 7.1 Introduction = 159
• 7.2 Biologically Active Polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum = 160
• 7.3 Biologically Active Triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum = 164
• 7.4 Effects of Ganoderma Extracts and Bioactive Compounds on Ovarian and Breast Cancers = 165
• 7.5 Effects of Ganoderma Polysaccharides and Triterpenes in Colorectal Cancer = 167
• 7.6 Effects of Ganoderma Preparations on Ascitic and Hepatocellular Carcinomas = 169
• 7.7 Leukemia, Fibrosarcoma, and Astrocytoma Tumors = 170
• 7.8 Use of Chemometrics and Biochemometrics to Identify Anticancer Compounds in Ganoderma = 172
• 7.9 Conclusions and Future Directions／Prospects = 174
• References = 175
• 8. Indian Berries and Their Active Compounds : Therapeutic Potential in Cancer Prevention / Mohammad Shavez Khan ; Faizan Abul Qais ; Iqbal Ahmad = 179
• 8.1 Introduction = 179
• 8.2 Indian Blackberry = 181
• 8.3 Indian Gooseberry = 187
• 8.4 Other Important Indian Berries of Medicinal/Edible Importance = 190
• 8.5 Conclusion = 194
• References = 194
• Further Reading = 201
• 9. Prospects of Essential Oils in Controlling Pathogenic Biofilm / Huma Jafri ; Firoz Ahmad Ansari ; Iqbal Ahmad = 203
• 9.1 Introduction = 203
• 9.2 Strategies to Prevent／Eradicate Biofilm = 208
• 9.3 Plant Essential Oils = 211
• 9.4 Antibiofilm Activity of Other Essential Oils = 224
• 9.5 In Vivo Studies = 225
• 9.6 Conclusion = 226
• References = 227
• Further Reading = 236
• 10. Anticancer Phytocompounds : Experimental and Clinical Updates / Farrukh Aqil ; Radha Munagala ; Ashish K. Agrawal ; Ramesh Gupta = 237
• 10.1 Current Problem in Cancer Therapy = 238
• 10.2 Plant Bioactives in Cancer Prevention／Therapy = 240
• 10.3 Curcumin = 241
• 10.4 Green Tea Polyphenols = 248
• 10.5 Other Chemopreventive Agents = 249
• 10.6 Emerging Phytocompounds = 256
• 10.7 Conclusion = 265
• Acknowledgments = 266
• References = 266
• 11. Plant-Derived Molecules in Managing HIV Infection / Jay Trivedi ; Anjali Tripathi ; Debprasad Chattopadhyay ; Debashis Mitra = 273
• 11.1 Discovery of HIV = 273
• 11.2 Origin of HIV = 274
• 11.3 Epidemiology = 275
• 11.4 Pathogenesis = 275
• 11.5 Treatment = 276
• 11.6 Concluding Remarks = 291
• References = 292
• Section 2B : Mechanism of Action Plant Derived Products／Medicine = 299
• 12. Current Strategy to Target Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Virulence by Phytocompounds / Fohad Mabood Husain ; Nasser A. Al-Shabib ; Saba Noor ; Rais Ahmad Khan ; Mohammad Shavez Khan ; Firoz Ahmad Ansari ; Mohd Shahnawaz Khan ; Altaf Khan ; Iqbal Ahmad = 301
• 12.1 Introduction = 301
• 12.2 Discovery and Exploration of Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors From Medicinal Plants = 307
• 12.3 Phytocompounds Identified as Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors = 312
• 12.4 Conclusion = 320
• Acknowledgments = 321
• References = 321
• 13. Understanding Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism of Complications of Glycation and Its Management by Herbal Medicine / Faizan Abul Qais ; Mohammad Shavez Khan ; Abdullah Safar Althubiani ; Saleh Bakheet Al-Ghamdi ; Iqbal Ahmad = 331
• 13.1 Introduction = 331
• 13.2 Diabetes : A Global Health Problem = 332
• 13.3 An Overview of Complications Associated With Diabetes and Advanced Glycation End Products = 335
• 13.4 Biochemical Mechanism of Glycation = 335
• 13.5 Mechanisms of Complications Induced by Glycation = 339
• 13.6 Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetes and Its Associated Complications = 340
• 13.7 Control of Diabetes by Herbal Medicine or Plants-Based Medicines = 345
• 13.8 Conclusion = 354
• Acknowledgment = 354
• References = 354
• 14. Insights of Phyto-Compounds as Antipathogenic Agents : Controlling Strategies for Inhibiting Biofilms and Quorum Sensing in Candida albicans / Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ; Mohd Musheer Altaf ; Mohammad Sajid = 367
• 14.1 Introduction = 367
• 14.2 Basic Elements of Quorum-Sensing Regulation in Candida albicans = 368
• 14.3 Why Is Need of Strategies Alternative to Existing Chemotherapeutic Agents? = 373
• 14.4 How to Combat Biofilm and Virulence in Candida albicans'? = 374
• 14.5 Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors = 376
• 14.6 Phyto-Compounds : Potential Inhibitors of Candida albicans Biofilms = 377
• 14.7 Conclusion = 382
• Acknowledgment = 382
• References = 383
• 15. Neem Leaf Glycoprotein in Cancer Immunomodulation and Immunotherapy / Anamika Bose ; Rathindranath Baral = 391
• 15.1 Introduction = 391
• 15.2 The Story Behind Neem Leaf Glycoprotein Research = 391
• 15.3 Neem Leaf Glycoprotein is Nontoxic for Human Use = 393
• 15.4 Immuno-Editing by Neem Leaf Glycoprotein Targets Immune Evasion Strategies of Tumor = 393
• 15.5 Hypoxia-Regulating and Antiangiogenic Properties of Neem Leaf Glycoprotein Within Tumor = 403
• 15.6 Antimetastatic Properties of Neem Leaf Glycoprotein = 404
• 15.7 Conclusion = 405
• Acknowledgments = 405
• References = 406
• 16. Role of Phytomedicine in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases / Parul Tripathi ; Govind Gupta ; Puneet Singh Chauhan = 409
• 16.1 Introduction = 409
• 16.2 Diabetes and CVDs : Caught in a Viscous Loop = 411
• 16.3 Targeting the Inflammatory Network : Time to Let the Cat Out of the Bag! = 414
• 16.4 Phytomedicine Renaissance in Diabetes and CVDs = 417
• 16.5 Conclusions = 425
• Acknowledgments = 426
• References = 426
• Further Reading = 433
• 17. Plant-Derived Immunomodulators / Arathi Nair ; Debprasad Chattopadhyay ; Bhaskar Saha = 435
• 17.1 Introduction = 435
• 17.2 Classification of Immunomodulators Based on Molecular Weight = 450
• 17.3 Common Immunomodulatory Plants = 456
• 17.4 Future Perspective = 473
• 17.5 Phytomedicine as a New Trend = 475
• References = 476
• Further Reading = 499
• Section 3 Pharmacokinetics, Interaction, and Toxicity Profile of Phytocompounds = 501
• 18. Herb and Modern Drug Interactions : Efficacy, Quality, and Safety Aspects / Zafar Mehmood ; Mohammad Shavez Khan ; Faizan Abul Qais ; Samreen ; Iqbal Ahmad = 503
• 18.1 Introduction = 503
• 18.2 Interaction of Commonly Used Herbs With Drugs = 504
• 18.3 Mechanism of Herb-Drug Interaction = 507
• 18.4 Adverse Effects and Interactions = 511
• 18.5 Interaction Risks in Specific Patient Populations = 511
• 18.6 Conclusion and Future Direction = 515
• References = 516
• Further Reading = 520
• Section 4 New Dimensions in Phytotherapy Research and Applications = 521
• 19. High-Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS) of Natural Compounds and Exploration of Their Biomolecular Mechanisms : An In Silico Approach / Anupam Dhasmana ; Sana Raza ; Roshan Jahan ; Mohtashim Lohani ; Jamal M. Arif = 523
• 19.1 Introduction = 523
• 19.2 High-Throughput Virtual Screening = 525
• 19.3 Computational Methods for Virtual Screening = 534
• 19.4 In Silico ADMET Analysis = 543
• 19.5 Conclusion = 544
• References = 545
• Further Reading = 548
• 20. Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds in the Management of Malaria / Meenu Kalkal ; Jyoti Das = 549
• 20.1 Introduction = 549
• 20.2 Malaria : Control and Its Repercussions = 551
• 20.3 Medicinal Plants : Source of New Antimalarial Compounds = 552
• 20.4 In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Phytocompounds With Antimalarial Ability = 555
• 20.5 Mode of Action of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds = 558
• 20.6 Future Perspective of Drug Development for Malaria From Phytocompounds = 558
• 20.7 Conclusion = 559
• References = 559
• Further Reading = 562
• 21. Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Different Phytochemicals Against Enteric Diseases in Different Animal Models / Hemanta Koley ; Debaki Ranjan Howlader ; Ushasi Bhaumik = 563
• 21.1 Introduction and Overview of the Intestinal Environment = 563
• 21.2 Important Animal Models of Enteric Bacterial Infections = 567
• 21.3 Mechanism of Action of Various Phytochemicals on Enteric Bacterial Infections = 571
• 21.4 Synergistic Approaches = 578
• References = 579
• 22. Nanoparticles in Ayurvedic Medicine : Potential and Prospects / S. Farooq ; Zafar Mehmood ; Faizan Abul Qais ; Mohammad Shavez Khan ; Iqbal Ahmad = 581
• 22.1 Introduction = 581
• 22.2 Use of Metals in Ayurveda = 582
• 22.3 Preparation of Bhasma : Concept of Size Reduction = 582
• 22.4 Types of Bhasma = 585
• 22.5 Nanoparticle Nature of Bhasma = 589
• 22.6 Significance of Herbal Constituent in Bhasma Characteristic = 590
• 22.7 Conclusion = 593
• Abbreviations = 593
• References = 594
• Further Reading = 596
• 23. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of Phytomedicines : Challenges and Opportunities / Mohammad Sajid ; Swaranjit Singh Cameotra ; Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ; Iqbal Ahmad = 597
• 23.1 Introduction = 597
• 23.2 Lipid-Based Vesicular Drug-Delivery Systems for Phytomedicines = 598
• 23.3 New Approaches and Challenges for the Delivery of Phytomedicines = 614
• 23.4 Future Prospects = 615
• 23.5 Conclusion = 615
• References = 615
• 24. Phytomedicine : A Potential Alternative Medicine in Controlling Neurological Disorders / A. Srivastava ; P. Srivastava ; A. Pandey ; V.K. Khanna ; A.B. Pant = 625
• 24.1 Introduction and Historical Background = 625
• 24.2 Prevalence of Herbal Medicines for Therapy = 627
• 24.3 Cancer = 628
• 24.4 Sickle Cell Anemia = 629
• 24.5 Helicobacter Pylori Infections = 629
• 24.6 Chronic Liver Disease = 630
• 24.7 Mode of Action = 631
• 24.8 Advantages of Phytomedicines Over Chemical／Synthetic Drugs = 631
• 24.9 Nootropics = 633
• 24.10 Role of Phytomedicines in Neuroprotection = 634
• 24.11 Neurological Disorders and Their Herbal Remedy = 636
• 24.12 Natural Products as Therapeutic Agents for Neurological Diseases = 643
• 24.13 Conclusion = 648
• References = 650
• Index = 657