트레드밀 내리막 보행의 적응기동안 하지협응패턴의 변화 = Lower Extremity Coordination Pattern Changes during Familiarization Periods to Downhill Walking on a Treadmill

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to determine the familiarization period required to find the most reproducible coordination pattern of lower extremities through the assessment of continuous relative phase(CRP), derived from phase planes of two adjacent joints, during treadmill downhill walking. Twelve healthy subjects participated in overground downhill walking and treadmill downhill walking which lasted 10 min. A three-dimensional motion data were collected from the first 6 trials of each minute, beginning when the treadmill reached full speed. CRP measures between pelvis-thigh, between thigh-shank and between shank-foot were obtained by subtracting the distal from the proximal phase angle in a range from 0° to 180°. CRP patterns were examined with cross-correlation coefficient and root mean square differences (RMS differences) when comparing ensemble mean curves of the treadmill downhill walking to overground downhill walking. For thigh-shank CRP pattern, significant reductions in RMS differences were found over 10 min. There were no increases in cross-correlation coefficient values for all familiarization periods. These findings suggested that subjects should be familiarized to the treadmill downhill walking for at least 10 min prior to data collection that can be generalized to overground downhill walking.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 연구방법
• Ⅲ. 결과
• Ⅳ. 논의
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Silverman, A. K., "Whole-body angular momentum in incline and decline walking" 45 (45): 965-971, 2012

2 Tulchin, K., "The effects of surface slope on multisegment foot kinematics in healthy adults" 32 (32): 446-450, 2010

3 Lay, A. N., "The effects of sloped surfaces on locomotion : an electromyographic analysis" 40 (40): 1276-1285, 2007

4 Lay, A. N., "The effects of sloped surfaces on locomotion : a kinematic and kinetic analysis" 39 (39): 1621-1628, 2006

5 Smallman, C. L., "The effect of an on-body assistive device on transverse plane trunk coordination during a load carriage task" 46 (46): 2688-2694, 2013

6 Hunter, L. C., "The cost of walking downhill : is the preferred gait energetically optimal?" 43 (43): 1910-1915, 2010

7 Bochdansky, T., "Pressure distribution and muscular activity on treadmill–downhill running with an unstable shoe construction and normal running shoes" 23 (23): 664-665, 2008

8 Leroux, A., "Postural adaptation to walking on inclined surfaces : I. Normal strategies" 15 (15): 64-74, 2002

9 Franz, J. R., "Mechanical work performed by the individual legs during uphill and downhill walking" 45 (45): 257-262, 2012

10 Matsas, A., "Knee joint kinematics from familiarised treadmill walking can be generalised to overground walking in young unimpaired subjects" 11 (11): 46-53, 2000

11 Simpson, K. J., "Kinematic and plantar pressure adjustments to downhill gradients during gait" 1 (1): 172-179, 1993

12 Hamill, J., "Issues in quantifying variability from a dynamical systems perspective" 16 (16): 407-418, 2000

13 Stergiou, N., "Intralimb coordination following obstacle clearance during running : the effect of obstacle height" 13 (13): 210-220, 2001

14 Hamill, J., "Gender differences in lower extremity coupling variability during an unanticipated cutting maneuver" 21 (21): 143-152, 2005

15 Zeni, J. A., "Gait parameters and stride-to-stride variability during familiarization to walking on a split-belt treadmill" 25 (25): 383-386, 2010

16 Stolze, H., "Gait analysis during treadmill and overground locomotion in children and adults" 105 (105): 490-497, 1997

17 Wass, E., "Familiarisation to treadmill walking in unimpaired older people" 21 (21): 72-79, 2005

18 Miller, R. H., "Continuous relative phase variability during an exhaustive run in runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome" 24 (24): 262-270, 2008

19 Damiano, D. L., "Comparison of elliptical training, stationary cycling, treadmill walking and overground walking" 34 (34): 260-264, 2011

20 Chen, T. C., "Changes in running economy at different intensities following downhill running" 27 (27): 1137-1144, 2009

21 Redfern, M. S., "Biomechanics of slips" 44 (44): 1138-1166, 2001

22 Lee, S. J., "Biomechanics of overground vs. treadmill walking in healthy individuals" 104 (104): 747-755, 2008

23 Nelson, R. C., "Biomechanics of overground versus treadmill running" 4 (4): 233-240, 1972

24 Matsuo, T., "Asymmetric load-carrying in young and elderly women : Relationship with lower limb coordination" 28 (28): 517-520, 2008

25 Taylor, N. F., "Angular movements of the lumbar spine and pelvis can be reliably measured after 4 minutes of treadmill walking" 11 (11): 484-486, 1996

26 Frichberg, B. A., "An analysis of overground and treadmill sprinting" 15 (15): 478-485, 1983

27 Chiu, S. L., "Altered inter-joint coordination during walking in patients with total hip arthroplasty" 32 (32): 656-660, 2010

28 Franz, J. R., "Advanced age affects the individual leg mechanics of level, uphill, and downhill walking" 46 (46): 535-540, 2013

29 Schellenbach, M., "Adult age differences in familiarization to treadmill walking within virtual environments" 31 (31): 295-299, 2010

30 Haddad, J. M., "Adaptations in interlimb and intralimb coordination to asymmetrical loading in human walking" 23 (23): 429-434, 2006

31 Watt, J. R., "A three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill walking in healthy elderly subjects" 25 (25): 444-449, 2010

32 Goswami, A., "A new gait parameterization technique by means of cyclogram moments : Application to human slope walking" 8 (8): 15-36, 1998

33 Riley, P. O., "A kinematics and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill running" 40 (40): 1093-1100, 2008

34 Alton, F., "A kinematic comparison of overground and treadmill walking" 13 (13): 434-440, 1998

35 Nigg, B. M., "A kinematic comparison of overground and treadmill running" 27 (27): 98-105,

36 Riley, P. O., "A kinematic and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill walking in healthy subjects" 26 (26): 17-24, 2007

37 Tulchin, K., "A comparison of multi-segment foot kinematics during level overground and treadmill walking" 31 (31): 104-108, 2010