소맥추출물과 그 구성성분을 이용한 허혈성 급성신부전 치료 = Treatment of ischemic acute renal failure by wheat extract and its components in rats

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Abstract)
Background The acute renal failure(ARF) induced by ischemia and reflow is a clinical and experimental syndrome characterized by major reductions in glomerular filtration rate, extensive tubular damage, tubular cell necrosis, glomerular injury, and signs of tubular obstruction with cell debris. Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L ) (HY6228) is important one of the most important cereals in the world and is the staple food of people in many countries. It is the major source of dietary carbohydrate(starch) and protein. But, whole wheat consists of a number of important nutrients. Recently, wheat bran is well known for providing a significant source of dietary fiber(arabinoxylan and beta-glucan). In previous studies, we found that the crude extract of wheat improved cell viability under hypoxic conditions, and subsequently showed that the crude extract had efficacy in treating ischemic diseases and degenerative brain diseases, using appropriate animal models. Thus, in this study, we tested, using rats as an animal model, whether hot water extract of common wheat (HY6228) is effective in preventing ischemia reperfusion acute renal failure .

Method
The animals were divided into three groups: sham group without ischemia, the ischemic control group, and the wheat extract-treated group (400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally pretreated before ischemia), or its components group. Ischemia/reperfusion acute renal failure in rats was induced by occlusion of the left renal artery and vein together for 40min followed by reperfusion. At 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 h after reperfusion, the renal dysfunction was assessed by measurement of serum biochemical markers (serum creatinine) and hitological evaluation was stained with H&E(hematoxylin and eosin). For biochemical analysis, the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA). Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method and morphological criteria. Expression of caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were also evaluated.

Results When we measured serum concentrations of creatinine at 24 hours after reperfusion injury, the rats treated with wheat extract exhibited significant decrease in the serum concentrations of creatinine (approx. 1.3 mg/dL), compared with those in the control group (approx. 2.7 mg/dL). In addition, kidney slices from wheat extract-treated group revealed less tubular damage compared with those in the control group in the histopathological examination. In the wheat extract-treated group, only a few TUNEL-positive cells were observed, compared with control group when apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method. Also, the slices from wheat extract-treated group in the immunostaining displayed diminished expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2-ratio compared with control group.
Also, in the wheat extract group ara significantly reduced MDA levels.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• Abstract
• Ⅰ.서 론 1
• Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 6
• 1. 시료
• 1-1 소맥추출물 제조방법 6
• 2. 동물 6
• 2-1. 실험동물 6
• 2-2. 허혈/재관류 모델조건 및 약물 처리 7
• 3. Serum creatinine 수치 측정 7
• 4. 조직학적 검사 8
• 5. Apoptosis assay 8
• 6. 면역조직화학 염색 9
• 7. 지방질 산화(MDA) 측정 9
• 8. 통계학적 분석 10
• Ⅲ. 결 과 11
• 1. 수술조건에 따라 신기능에 미치는 영향 11
• 1-1. 케타민 마취조건 영향 11
• 1-2. 흡입마취에서 온도에 따른 영향 11
• 1-3. 흡입마취에서 허혈시간에 따른 영향 12
• 1-4. 케타민과 흡입마취 비교 12
• 2. 재관류 시간에 따라 신기능에 미치는 영향 13
• 3. 조직학적인 상태에 미치는 영향 13
• 4. TUNEL 양성세포수 미치는 영향 14
• 5. Caspase-3 발현에 대한 영향 15
• 6. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio 발현에 미치는 영향 16
• 7. 지방질 산화에 미치는 영향 16
• 8. 소맥추출물과 그 구성성분들이 미치는 영향 17
• 9. 소맥추출물 전처치 방법에 따라 미치는 영향 17
• Ⅳ. 고찰 30
• Ⅴ. 참고 문헌 36