Persistent fetal superficial middle cerebral vein: an anatomical study

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) drains the venous blood from most of the superolateral surface of the brain and drains typically into the cavernous sinus as mentioned in standard textbooks. But the drainage of the SMCV is variable as indicated by various radiological studies. Although variations in the drainage of the SMCV exist, there is a shortage in the literature providing cadaveric evidence for the same. The present study was designed to identify the variations in the drainage pattern of the SMCV in fetal cadavers. During the dissection of formalin-fixed full-term fetuses, deviation in the drainage of the SMCV was observed in five out of 30 cases. In three out of 30 specimens (10%), SMCV was observed draining into superior petrosal sinus; and in two specimens (6.6%) into the transverse sinus. In the remaining specimens, the SMCV drained directly into the cavernous sinus. Knowledge of the variations noted in the present study is essential, not only for diagnosing several diseases involving the cavernous sinus or paracavernous sinuses but also in surgeries of paracavernous sinus lesions and endovascular treatment of arteriovenous fistulas. The SMCV and superior petrosal sinus can be a venous refluxing route in patients with arteriovenous fistulas.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Sakata K, "Venous consideration in petrosal approach : microsurgical anatomy of the temporal bridging vein" 47 : 153-160, 2000

2 Suzuki Y, "Variations of the superficial middle cerebral vein : classification using three-dimensional CT angiography" 21 : 932-938, 2000

3 Srijit D, "Unusual venous sinuses" 108 : 104-106, 2007

4 Willinsky R, "Tortuous, engorged pial veins in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas : correlations with presentation, location, and MR findings in 122 patients" 20 : 1031-1036, 1999

5 San Millan Ruiz D, "The sphenoparietal sinus of breschet : does it exist? An anatomic study" 25 : 112-120, 2004

6 Padget DH, "The cranial venous system in man in reference to development, adult configuration, and relation to the arteries" 98 : 307-355, 1956

7 Knosp E, "The Cavernous Sinus" Springer 104-116, 1987

8 Kumar A, "Squamosal type superficial middle cerebral vein : a rare venous drainage pattern" 60 : 546-547, 2012

9 B. V. Murlimanju, "Mastoid emissary foramina: an anatomical morphological study with discussion on their evolutionary and clinical implications" 대한해부학회 47 (47): 202-206, 2014

10 Dean BL, "Incidence of superficial sylvian vein compromise and postoperative effects on CT imaging after surgical clipping of middle cerebral artery aneurysms" 26 : 2019-2026, 2005

11 Fukuda M, "Drainage patterns of the superficial middle cerebral vein : effects on perioperative managements of petroclival meningioma" 6 : 130-, 2015

12 Stiebel-Kalish H, "Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformations : patterns of venous drainage are related to clinical signs and symptoms" 109 : 1685-1691, 2002

13 Gailloud P, "Angiographic anatomy of the laterocavernous sinus" 21 : 1923-1929, 2000

14 Chung JI, "Anatomic variations of the deep cerebral veins, tributaries of Basal vein of rosenthal : embryologic aspects of the regressed embryonic tentorial sinus" 11 : 123-130, 2005

15 Saigal G, "A variant of the superficial middle cerebral vein mimicking an extraaxial hematoma" 24 : 968-970, 2003