필리핀 민법상 원인론 = Cause in the Civil Code of the Philippines

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Civil Code of the Philippines provides that cause of the obligation is the essential requisite of contracts(Art. 1318). Any contract can't validly exist unless there is no cause of the obligation. Although the civil law causa and the common law consideration are often used interchangeably, they are not exactly identical. The accepted concept of consideration is that it either some right, interest, profit, or benefit accruing to the one party, or some forbearance, detriment, or loss suffered or undertaken by the other party. It ist said to have the element of quid pro quo, but causa is not necessarily quid pro quo. For cause includes every valuable consideration of the common law but there are causes which would not fall under consideration. The cause of a contract must not be confused with the motives of the parties in entering into it. Motive is the purely personal or private reason. With one's motives the law cannot deal, while with the cause the law is always concerned.
The causa must not be contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order, or public policy. A contract based upon an unlawful causa is void ab initio. The statement of a false cause in a contract may render it void, if it cannot be proved that it was founded upon another cause which is true and lawful. If no cause is stated in the contract, it is presumed that it exists and is lawful, unless the debtor proves the contrary. Except in cases specified by law a contract may not be invalidated on the ground that the cause is inadequate or there is lesion, i.e., prejudice, unless there has been fraud, mistake, or undue influence.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박희호, "혼합법계로서의 필리핀 법체계에 대한 소고 - 혼합법계의 형성과정 및 그 내용을 중심으로" 한국비교사법학회 15 (15): 51-81, 2008

2 여하윤, "프랑스채권법 개정시안에서의 채무의 목적⋅원인(cause) 및 형식" 한국민사법학회 45 (45): 47-77, 2009

3 정태윤, "프랑스와 독일민법에서의 원인론에 관한 연구" 한국민사법학회 (42) : 623-708, 2008

4 가정준, "영미법상의 consideration법리" 한국비교법학회 (2) : 1-, 2003

5 김욱곤, "불란서민법에 있어서의 원인론" 8 : 137-, 1997

6 Ehmann, "Zur Causa-Lehre" 702-714, 2003

7 Hector S, "The Law on Obligations and Contracts, Revised" 2008

8 Sta. Maria, "Obligations and Contracts" 2003

9 Lenel, "Nochmals die Lehre von der Voraussetzung" 79 (79):

10 Zweigert, "Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung, Band II: Institutionen" 1984

11 Dieter Henrich, "Einführung in das englische Privatrecht, 2. Aufl" 1993

12 Weitnauer, "Die Leistung" FS. Caemmerer 255-293, 1978

13 Lenel, "Die Lehre von der Voraussetzung" 74 (74):

14 Windscheid, "Die Lehre des Römischen Rechts von der Voraussetzung" 1850

15 Schnauder, "Der kausale Schuldvertrag im System der Güterbewegung" JZ 1080-1089, 2002

16 Peuster, "Código civil=Das spannische Zivilgesetzbu ch: spanisch-deutsche Textausgabe" 1979

17 Hector S, "Comments and Cases on Obligations and Contracts" 2003

18 Edgardo L, "Civil Code of the Philippines Annotated" 2008

19 Lorenzen, "Causa and Consideration in the Law of Contracts" 28 : 1919

20 Wieling, "Bereicherungsrecht" 1993

21 Melquiades J, "An Introduction to the Philippine Law" 1969

22 Flume, "Allgemeiner Teil des Bürgerlichen Rechts, II. Band, 3. Aufl" 1979