The Emerging Anti-American Axis of Russia and China: Implications for Asia = The Emerging Anti-American Axis of Russia and China: Implications for Asia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Russia and China may now be experiencing a pivotal moment in their post-Cold War relationship, which will determine whether their relations will shift from a non-committal partnership to a strategic alliance. Being the two strongest powers on the Eurasian landmass, the state of Russia - China relationship is of profound significance for the world’s largest continent, and particularly for its Asian wing where Beijing displays growing ambitions. The paper investigates the evolution of Russo-Chinese strategic relationship - from its beginnings in the mid-1990s to the present, focusing on the motives that have lately been driving Beijing and Moscow ever closer, above all their respective antagonisms with Washington. It then goes on to assess possible implications that Sino-Russian entente may have for Asian security order. In conclusion, three basic scenarios are sketched of future configurations in the Russia-China-US strategic triangle and their impact on Asia.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Curanovic, Alicija, "Why don’t Russians fear the Chinese? The Chinese factor in the self‐identification process of Russia" 40 : 221-239, 2012

2 Mu, Chunshan, "Why doesn’t Russia support China in the South China Sea?"

3 Kashin, Vasily, "Vtoroy mir: Rossiya nachala protsess uskorennogo sblizheniya s Kitayem"

4 "US Actions Make China‐Russia Alliance Appealing"

5 Kotkin, Stephen, "The Unbalanced Triangle"

6 Rozman, Gilbert, "The Sino‐Russian Challenge to the World Order" Woodrow Wilson Center Press 2014

7 Cohen, Ariel, "The Russia‐China Friendship and Cooperation Treaty: A Strategic Shift in Eurasia?"

8 Luttwak, Edward, "The Rise of China vs. the Logic of Strategy" The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2012

9 Mearsheimer, John, "The Gathering storm: China’s challenge to US power in Asia"

10 "Terrorism surging in China: blue paper"

11 Mirski, Sean, "Stranglehold: The Context, Conduct and Consequences of an American Naval Blockade of China" 2013

12 Wilkins, Thomas, "Russo‐Chinese Strategic Partnership: A New Form of Security Cooperation?" 29 (29): 358-383, 2008

13 Lukin, Alexander, "Russian Strategic Thought toward Asia" Palgrave Macmillan 2006

14 "Russia, China add to $400 Billion gas deal with accord"

15 Trenin, Dmitri, "Russia and the Rise of Asia" Carnegie Moscow Center 2013

16 Hyodo, Shinji, "Russia and East Asia: informal and gradual integration" Routledge 2014

17 Kuhrt, Natasha, "Russia and East Asia: informal and gradual integration" Routledge 2014

18 Reshetnikov, Leonid, "Roundtable conference"

19 Lukin, Alexander, "Rossiya i Mnogostoronniye Struktury v ATR" MGIMOUniversity 2009

20 Lukin, Artyom, "Putin skips the East Asia Summit (again)"

21 "Putin Confirms Plans to Meet Chinese President During APEC Summit in Beijing"

22 Wang, Yizhou, "Opportunities and Challenges for China’s New Leaders in Building Mutual Trust with the World"

23 Kissinger, Henry, "On China" The Penguin Press 2011

24 "Obraz Kitaya v Rossii i vneshnyaya politika Rossii v kontse 20 – nachale 21 veka"

25 Portyakov, Vladimir, "O nekotoryh aspektah sovershenstvovaniya rossiyskokitayskogo strategicheskogo partnyorstva" 5 : 2007

26 Chen, Xiangyang, "New developments in the Asia‐Pacific strategic landscape"

27 Karaganov, Sergey, "Mezhdunarodny krizis: Izbezhat Afganistana‐2"

28 Dai, Xu, "Kitayu i Rossii sledueyet sozdat’ Evraziyskiy Alyans"

29 Danilov, Ivan, "Itogi privatizatsii Slavnefti"

30 "Interview with Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin"

31 Goldstein, Avery, "International Relations Theory and the Asia‐Pacific" Columbia University Press 2003

32 "Highlights: Russia’s Putin on 2012, China, Ukraine"

33 Lee, Joseph Tse‐Hei, "Globalization, Development and Security in Asia. Volume 1:Foreign Policy and Security in an Asian Century: Threats, Strategies and Policy Choices" World Scientific 2014

34 Cohen, Warren I., "East Asia at the Center" Columbia University Press 2000

35 "Direct line’ with Vladimir Putin"

36 Kissinger, Henry, "Diplomacy" Simon & Schuster 1994

37 "Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia summit"

38 "Commentary: West should work with, not against, Russia in handling Ukraine crisis"

39 Clover, Charles, "Clinton vows to thwart new Soviet Union"

40 Perlez, Jane, "Chinese leader’s one‐man show complicates diplomacy"

41 Shimada, Gaku, "China wants to set agenda for Asian security"

42 "China Focus: China’s Xi proposes security concept for Asia"

43 Yan, Xuetong, "China 3.0" European Council on Foreign Relations 2012

44 Toloraya, Georgy, "Aziatsko‐Tikhookeanskoye Sotrudnhichestvo i Mesto Rossii v Regionalnom Razvitii" Russian Institute of Strategic Studies 2014

45 Abayev, Lev, "Aziatsko‐Tikhookeanskoye Sotrudnhichestvo i Mesto Rossii v Regionalnom Razvitii" Russian Institute of Strategic Studies 2014

46 Lo, Bobo, "Axis of Convenience: Moscow, Beijing, and the New Geopolitics" Brookings Institution Press 2008

47 "Ambassador McFaul, driver of US‐Russia ‘reset,’ becomes his own obstacle"

48 Li, Rex, "A Rising China and Security in East Asia" Routledge 2009

49 Friedberg, Aaron L., "A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia" W. W. Norton &Company 2012