Actuator 기법을 이용한 프로펠러 3축 성분 힘/모멘트 해석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

For aerodynamic performance and stability analysis of distributed propulsion aircraft which adopt many propellers/rotors, all the 3-axial components forces and moments must be properly taken into account. In this study, two actuator methods have been established to be capable of numerical simulations including all the force and moment components produced by rotor/propeller. A procedure in which the 3-axial components are transformed from the aerodynamic force and moment of blade elements has been added to actuator disk method(ADM) and actuator surface method(ASM). The numerical analyses are carried out for a single propeller of quad tilt propeller(QTP) at various flight conditions including the variation of side slip angle. The results are compared with wind tunnel test data and full CFD simulation with overset grid. All the force and moment components are found to agree very well in terms of engineering purposes and the present methods are identified to be numerically very efficient compared to full CFD. Power-on effect and longitudinal stability of the full configuration of QTP is further analyzed by carrying out the additional numerical simulations. The results indicate that the present methods is practically very useful to investigate the aerodynamic performance of distributed propulsion aircraft.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이성기, "전진 비행하는 쿼드 틸트 로터의 공력성능 및 특징에 대한 수치적 연구" 한국항공우주학회 46 (46): 197-209, 2018

2 최성욱, "스마트무인기 프롭로터 공력설계" 한국항공우주학회 33 (33): 16-26, 2005

3 박재영, "로터 공력 해석을 위한 Actuator Surface Method 개선 연구" 한국전산유체공학회 24 (24): 76-86, 2019

4 노나현, "다중 덕트 팬 전진 비행 특성에 대한 수치적 연구" 한국항공우주학회 46 (46): 95-105, 2018

5 "www.openfoam.com"

6 "https://www.ansys.com/products/fluids/ansys-fluent"

7 Cho, T., "Wind tunnel test of the propeller for QTP UAV" 548-549, 2019

8 Jaime, L.R., "Using Computational Fluid Dynamics to Generate Complex Aerodynamic Database for VTOL Aircraft" 2018

9 "Uber Elevate eCRM-004"

10 Lee, D.G., "Structural Analysis and Integrity of QTP 50 UAV" 748-749, 2017

11 Diaz, P.V., "Simulations of Ducted and Coaxial Rotors for Air Taxi Operations" 2019

12 Koo, S., "Reflections on Decisions to Cope with the Major Challenges during the 10 Years of Smart UAV Development Program" 1188-1191, 2013

13 Leishman, G.J., "Principles of helicopter aerodynamics" Cambridge university press 2006

14 "Pipistrel 801 eVTOL"

15 Sorensen, J.N., "Numerical modeling og wind turbine waked" 124 : 393-399, 2002

16 Choi, J.H., "Numerical Study for Model Support Interference of QTP(Quad Tilt-Prop) Wind Tunnel Test" 94-95, 2018

17 Hwang, S.J., "Initial Design of Quad-tilted VTOL UAV (QTP50)" 593-594, 2016

18 Kim, T. W., "Improved actuator surface method for wind turbine application" 76 : 16-26, 2015

19 Benjamin, J. B., "Electric, hybrid, and turboelectric fixed-wing aircraft : A review of concepts, models, and design approached" 104 : 1-19, 2019

20 Langry, R.B., "Correlarion-based transition modeling for unstructured parallelized computational fluid dynamics codes" 47 (47): 2984-2906, 2009

21 Choi, S., "Configuration Study of Electric Propulsion VTOL PAV" 574-575, 2018

22 Johnson, W., "Concept Vehicles for VTOL Air Taxi Operations" 2018

23 Diaz, P., "Computational Study of the Side-by-Side Urban Air Taxi Concept" 2019

24 Yoon, S.K., "Computational Aerodynamic Modeling of Small Quadcopter Vehicles" 2017

25 Gohardani, A.S., "Challenges of future aircraft propulsion: A review of distributed propulsion technology and its potential application for the all electric commercial aircraft" 47 (47): 369-391, 2011

26 You, J. Y., "Blending of SAS and Correletion-Based Transition Models for Flow Simulation at Supercritical Reynolds Numbers" 80 : 63-70, 2013

27 Toe, P. L., "Approximate Riemann Solvers, Parameter Vectors and Difference Scheme" 43 : 357-372, 1981

28 Roh, N., "Analysis on Main Rotor-Ducted Fan Tail Rotor Interaction and Aerodynamic Performance of LCH" 494-495, 2017

29 Cho, T.H., "Analysis of the Propeller Force on the Wind Tunnel Test for Quadcopter Type UAV" 1-2, 2018

30 Dobrev, I., "Actuator surface hybrid model" 75 : 012019-, 2007

31 Le Chuiton, F., "Actuator disc modelling for helicopter rotors" 8 (8): 285-297, 2004

32 Healy, R., "A Systematic CFD-Sabed Examination of Rotor-Rotor Seperation Effects on Interactional Aerodynamics for Large eVTOL Aircraft" 2019

33 Tyler, J.W., "A Survey of Hybrid Electric Propulsion for Aircraft" 1-15, 2017

34 Kim, H.D., "A Review of Distributed Electric Propulsion Concepts for Air Vehicle Technology" 2018