인도 케랄라의 급진적 개혁을 통한 지역 발전 사례 = Regional Development through Radical Reform: The Case of Kerala State in India

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Over the last several decades, the state of Kerala in India has undergone an experiment in the use of radical reform as a development strategy, particularly focused on human development. As a result, Kerala now has one of Third World’s highest levels of health, education, and social justice, in spite of low income and low economic growth. Recently, Kerala also has experimented with ambitious democratic participatory decentralization efforts, in which the ‘People’s Campaign for Decentralized Planning’ is the most notable social movement project of grassroots empowerment. This paper aims to examine how Kerala has achieved its unique development path and decentralization through social mobilization and fundamental structural changes. The implications, lessons, and limitations of the Kerala experiments are also explored.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인도의 케랄라 주는 경제 성장이나 소득 수준이 낮은 데도 불구하고 높은 수준의 삶의 질과 인적 발전을 이룩함으로써 1970년대부터 대안적 발전 모델로 세계적인 주목을 받아 왔다. 그러나 경제 성장 없이도 높은 수준의 사회적 성취를 달성한 것이 특징인 이른바 ‘케랄라 발전 모델’을 둘러싸고, 이 모델의 지속가능성과 타 지역에 대한 이식가능성에 관한 많은 논쟁이 있었다. 1990년대 후반부터 케랄라 주는 지역발전을 위한 계획 과정에 주민들의 직접 참여를 확대하는 야심적인 풀뿌리 민주주의 분권화 노력인 ‘분권 계획을 위한 인민 캠페인’ 을 전개하면서 다시 한 번 세계적 주목을 받았다. 이 논문에서는 세계적으로 독특한 케랄라의 발전 경로 및 분권화 추진 과정과 함께, 이를 가능하게 한 케랄라 주 정부의 급진적 개혁정책과 사회 운동의 전통을 소개한다.

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