Nonlinear spectroscopy of solids : advances and applications

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• INTRINSIC NONLINEARITY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN RADIATION FIELDS AND ATOMS / B. Di Bartolo = 1
• ABSTRACT = 1
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 1
• Ⅱ. DENSITY MATRIX : FORMALISM AND APPLICATIONS = 2
• Ⅱ.A. The Density Matrix = 2
• Ⅱ.B. The Effect of a Perturbation = 4
• Ⅱ.C. Interaction of Monochromatic and Ploarized Radiation with a Two-Level System = 6
• Ⅱ.D. Optical Bloch Equations Without Losses = 10
• Ⅱ.E. Rabi Oscillations without Losses = 10
• Ⅱ.F. Extension to an Ensemble = 14
• 1. Ensemble of Quantum Systems = 14
• 2. Perturbations = 14
• 3. Ensemble-Quantum Averages = 14
• 4. The Density Matrix of the Ensemble = 15
• 5. Properties of the Ensemble Density matrix = 16
• Ⅱ.G. Optical Bloch Equations with Losses = 18
• 1. The Four Equations = 18
• 2. Steady State Solutions and Transition Rates = 19
• 3. Damped Rabi Oscillations = 24
• Ⅲ. THE QUANTIZED RADIATION FIELD = 27
• Ⅲ.A. The Classical Radiation Field = 27
• Ⅲ.B. Solutions of the Field Equations = 31
• Ⅲ.C. Periodic Boundary Conditions and Density of States = 33
• Ⅲ.D. The Hamiltonian of the Radiation Field = 34
• Ⅲ.E. Quantization of the Radiation Field = 37
• Ⅲ.F. Energy Levels and Eigenfunctions of a Radiation field = 38
• Ⅲ.G. The Operator Vector Potential = 39
• Ⅳ. INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH CHARGED PARTICLES = 40
• Ⅳ.A. The Hamiltonian of a Charged Particle in an Electromagnetic Field = 40
• Ⅳ.B. The Interaction of a Charged Particle with a Rediation Field = 41
• Ⅳ.C. Radiative Processes = 43
• Ⅳ.D. First Order Processes = 44
• Ⅳ.E. Absorption and Emission Rates = 48
• Ⅳ.F. Absorption and Emission in the Electric Dipole Approximation = 50
• Ⅳ.G. The Radiative Broadening and Shift of Atomic Levels = 51
• Ⅴ. TWO-PHOTON SPONTANEOUS EMISSION = 56
• Ⅴ.A. System and Hamiltonians = 56
• Ⅴ.B. Two-Photon Decay = 57
• Ⅴ.C. Density of Final States = 61
• Ⅴ.D. Transition Probability and Spectrum = 62
• Ⅴ.E. Experimental Conditions = 66
• Ⅵ. THE RADIATIVE SHIFT OF ATOMIC LEVELS = 66
• Ⅵ.A. The Data = 66
• Ⅵ.B. Setting the Problem = 67
• Ⅵ.C. Processes and Calculations = 68
• Ⅵ.D. Mass Renormalization = 69
• Ⅵ.E. Results = 72
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = 73
• REFERENCES = 74
• THE SPIN-PHOTON ECHO REVISITED / E.L. Hahn = 75
• ABSTRACT = 75
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 75
• Ⅱ. ECHOES AND NONLINEARITY = 75
• Ⅲ. RADIATION DAMPING OF AN INHOMOGENEOUSLY BROADENED SPIN ENSEMBLE = 77
• Ⅳ. THE EXPLICIT NON-LINEARITY OF ECHO GENERATION = 80
• Ⅴ. THE PHOTON ECHO = 84
• Ⅴ.A. The Photon Free Induction Decay = 85
• Ⅴ.B. Two-Pulse Photon Echo = 85
• Ⅴ.C. The Three Pulse Stimulated Photon Echo = 87
• Ⅵ. ECHOES AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS = 87
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT = 89
• REFERENCES = 89
• NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS : EXCITONS IN SEMICONDUCTORS / J.M. Hvam = 91
• ABSTRACT = 91
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 91
• Ⅱ. NONLINEAR OPTICS = 92
• Ⅱ.A. Microscopic Theory of Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities = 94
• Ⅱ.B. Second Order Optical Nonlinearities = 96
• Ⅱ.C. Third Order Optical Nonlinearities = 98
• 1. One Light Beam = 98
• 2. Two Light Beams = 98
• 3. Three light beams = 99
• 4. Measuring Nonlinear Coefficients = 100
• Ⅱ.D. Pulsed Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing = 100
• 1. Two-Beam DFWM = 100
• 2. Three-Beam DFWM = 103
• Ⅱ.E. Quantum Beat Spectroscopy = 104
• 1. Nonlinear Quantum Beats = 108
• Ⅲ. SEMICONDUCTORS = 113
• Ⅲ.A. Exciton Effects = 117
• 1. Biexcitons = 119
• 2. Optical Nonlinearities = 120
• Ⅲ.B. Low Dimensional Structures = 120
• 1. Two-Dimesional Structures = 120
• 2. One-Dimensional Structures = 121
• 3. Zero-Dimensional Structures = 121
• Ⅲ.C. Low-dimensional excitons = 122
• Ⅲ.D. Semiconductor Dynamics = 125
• Ⅳ. NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPIES = 126
• Ⅳ.A. Time Resolved Raman Spectroscopy = 128
• Ⅳ.B. Transient Four-Wave Mixing = 129
• 1. Coherent Exciton Dynamics = 130
• 2. Incoherent Exciton Dynamics = 131
• 3. Low-Dimensional Semiconductors = 133
• Ⅳ.C. Terahertz Emission = 135
• Ⅴ. NONLINEAR QUANTUM BEAT SPECTROSCOPY = 136
• Ⅴ.A. Bulk Semiconductors = 136
• 1. Free and Bound Excitons = 136
• 2. Impurity Bound Biexcitons = 138
• Ⅴ.B. Quantum Well Structures = 140
• 1. Free Well Structures = 140
• 2. Heavy Hole Excitons Split in Different Confinements = 142
• 3. Magneto Excitons = 142
• 4. Biexcitons = 143
• Ⅵ. CONCLUDING REMARKS = 146
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS = 146
• REFERENCES = 146
• HIGH RESOLUTION NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY OF RARE EARTH IONS IN SOLIDS / R.M. Macfarlane = 151
• ABSTRACT = 151
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 152
• Ⅱ. ENERGY LEVELS OF THE RARE EARTH IONS = 152
• Ⅲ. HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS = 153
• Ⅲ.A. The Hyperfine Hamiltonian = 153
• 1. Electronic Singlets = 157
• 2. Non-Kramers' Doublets = 159
• 3. Kramers' Doublets = 159
• Ⅳ. RELAXATION PROCESSES = 160
• Ⅴ. INHOMOGENEOUS BROADENING = 162
• Ⅵ. NONLINEAR ABSORPTION = 164
• Ⅵ.A. Two-Step Absorption = 166
• Ⅵ.B. Cross Relaxation Excitation = 168
• Ⅵ.C. Avalanche absorption = 172
• Ⅶ. SPECTRAL HOLEBURNING = 174
• Ⅶ.A. Holeburning Mechanism = 177
• Ⅶ.B. Storage in a Metastable Optical Level = 179
• Ⅶ.C. Holeburning by Deuteron Motion = 180
• Ⅶ.D. Photon-Gated holeburning = 184
• 1. The Case of Divalent Samarium = 187
• Ⅶ.E. Time Resolved Holeburning and Spectral Diffusion = 191
• Ⅷ. COHERENT TRANSIENT TECHNIQUES = 196
• Ⅷ.A. Optical Free Induction Decay = 196
• Ⅷ.B. Photon Echoes = 199
• 1. Stimulated Photon Echoes = 203
• 2. Accumulated Photon Echoes = 205
• 3. Photon Echo Nuclear Double Resonance(PENDOR) = 205
• 4. Stark Modulated Photon Echo = 206
• Ⅸ. SUBLEVEL SPECTROSCOPY = 210
• Ⅸ.A. Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance = 210
• Ⅸ.B. Sublevel Coherence = 211
• Ⅹ. CONCLUSION = 215
• REFERENCES = 216
• ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE LASERS / A.I. Ferguson = 225
• ABSTRACT = 225
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 225
• Ⅱ. DIODE LASERS AS PUMP SOURCES = 226
• Ⅲ. DIODE PUMPED SOLID STATE LASERS = 227
• Ⅲ.A. Diode Pumping of Nd : YAG = 227
• Ⅲ.B. Advantages of the Diode-Pumped All-Solid-State Laser = 228
• Ⅲ.C. Materials for All-Solid-State Lasers = 230
• Ⅲ.D. Cavity Configurations for Diode-Pumping = 230
• Ⅲ.E. Single Frequency Operation of All-Solid-State Lasers = 232
• Ⅳ. MODE-LOCKING OF SOLID-STATE LASERS = 234
• Ⅳ.A. Active Mode-Locking = 235
• Ⅳ.B. The Kerr Nonlinearity = 236
• Ⅳ.C. Additive Pulse Mode-Locking(APM) = 236
• Ⅳ.D. Kerr Lens Mode-Locking(KLM) = 238
• Ⅴ. NONLINEAR FREQUENCY CONVERSION = 238
• Ⅴ.A. Harmonic Generation = 239
• Ⅴ.B. Optical Parametric Oscillation = 243
• Ⅵ. TUNABLE SOLID-STATE LASERS = 245
• Ⅵ.A. Single Frequency Operation = 245
• Ⅵ.B. Mode-Locked Ti : Sapphire = 245
• Ⅵ.C. Other Tunable Gain Media = 245
• Ⅶ. TWO-PHOTON CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY = 246
• Ⅶ.A. Confocal Microscopy = 247
• Ⅷ. CONCLUSION = 249
• REFERENCES = 249
• QUANTUM NOISE IN PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION / I. Abram and J. A. Levenson = 251
• ABSTRCT = 251
• 1. INTRODUCTION = 251
• 2. WHAT IS OPTICAL PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION = 252
• 2.1. Definitions = 252
• 2.2. Review of Quantum Nonlinear Optics = 253
• 2.3. Origin of the Quantum Effects = 257
• 3. WHAT IS QUANTUM NOISE = 259
• 3.1. Quantum Noise in Direct Detection = 260
• 1. Photon Counting = 261
• 2. Continuous-Intensity Measurements = 261
• 3.2. Quantum Noise in Homodyne Detection = 262
• 3.3. Graphical Representation of Shot Noise = 265
• 4. QUANTUM NOISE IN LINEAR AMPLIFICATION = 267
• 4.1. A Quantum Description of Non Degenerate Parametric Amplification = 267
• 4.2. Amplification and Excess Noise : Direct Detection = 269
• 4.3. Excess Noise in Homodyne Detection = 271
• 5. QUANTUM NOISE IN PHASE-DEPENDENT AMPLIFICATION = 274
• 5.1. A Quantum Description of Degenerate Parametric Amplification = 275
• 5.2. Elimination of Excess Noise in Direct Detection : Noiseless Amplification = 276
• 5.3. Quantum Noise Reduction in Homodyne Detection : Squeezing = 280
• 6. POTENTIAL USES FOR NONCLASSICAL PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION = 283
• 6.1. Noiseless Amplification = 283
• 6.2. Squeezed Light = 284
• APPENDIX : THE NOISE FIGURE OF A COMPOSITE SYSTEM = 285
• REFERENCES = 286
• TWO-AND THREE-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY OF SOLIDS / D. Fr$$\ddot o$$hlich = 289
• ABSTRACT = 289
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 289
• Ⅱ. ADDITIONAL DEGREES OF FREEDOMIN NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY = 290
• Ⅲ. THEORY OF TWO-PHOTON TRANSITIONS = 293
• Ⅲ.A. Two-Photon Absorption Constant = 293
• Ⅲ.B. Polarization Selection Rules = 295
• Ⅳ. EXCITON POLARITONS = 297
• Ⅴ. NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND MAXWELL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS = 301
• Ⅵ. EXAMPLES OF NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY = 306
• Ⅵ.A. Band Gap and Valence Band Assignments from TPA = 306
• Ⅵ.B. K-Space Spectroscopy = 307
• Ⅶ. NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY IN EXTERNAL FIELDS = 308
• Ⅶ.A. Nonlinear Spectroscopy of CuCl in External Fields = 310
• 1. Zeeman Effect of Exciton-Polaritons in CuCl = 313
• 2. Stark Effect of Exciton-Polaritons in CuCl = 314
• 3. Exciton-Polaritons in CuCl under Uniaxial Stress = 316
• Ⅶ.B. Two-Photon Absorption to Landau Levels = 317
• Ⅷ. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR TWO-AND THREE-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY = 318
• Ⅸ. CONCLUDING REMARKS = 322
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = 323
• REFERENCES = 324
• NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY OF THE ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMAIN SEMICONDUCTORS / C. Klingshirn = 327
• ABSTRACT = 327
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION, OR WHAT IS AN ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA? = 327
• Ⅱ. PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA = 331
• Ⅱ.A. Many particle effects in the electronic system of semiconductors = 331
• Ⅱ.B. Phase diagram of the electron-hole liquid = 333
• Ⅱ.C. Optical properties of the electron-hole plasma = 337
• Ⅲ. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS = 341
• Ⅲ.A. Bulk semiconductors = 341
• 1. Indirect gap semiconductors = 342
• 2. Direct gap semiconductors = 344
• Ⅲ.B. Systems of reduced dimensionality = 348
• 1. Quantum wells = 349
• 2. Quantum wires = 353
• Ⅳ. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK = 357
• Acknowledgments = 359
• REFERENCES = 359
• LONG SEMINARS
• THE TWO-PHOTON LASER / D.J. Gauthier ; H.M. Concannon = 365
• ABSTRACT = 365
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 365
• Ⅱ. SIMPLE MODEL OF A TWO-PHOTON LASER = 367
• Ⅲ. TWO-PHOTON GAIN IN A THREE-LEVEL ATOMIC SYSTEM = 371
• Ⅳ. DRESSED-STATE TWO-PHOTON GAIN MEDIUM = 373
• Ⅴ. THE DRESSED-STATE TWO-PHOTON LASER = 379
• Ⅵ. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS = 381
• Acknowledgments = 382
• REFERENCES = 382
• DEFINITION OF COHERENCE / B. Bowlby = 385
• ABSTRACT = 385
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 385
• Ⅱ. FIRST ORDER COHERENCE = 385
• Ⅲ. COHERENCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS ILLUMINATED BY AN EXTENDED SOURCE = 387
• Ⅳ. THE INTENSITY INTERFEROMETER = 390
• Ⅴ. QUANTUM DEFINITION = 392
• Ⅵ. CONCLUSION = 394
• Acknowledgments = 394
• REFERENCES = 394
• OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES OF COLOR CENTERS IN ALKALI HALIDES / G. Baldacchini = 395
• ABSTRACT = 395
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 395
• Ⅱ. COLOR CENTERS IN ALKALI HALIDES = 396
• Ⅲ. CLASSICAL NONLINEAR OPTICS = 399
• Ⅳ. ORIENTATIONAL NONLINEAR OPTICS = 401
• Ⅴ. ORIENTATIONAL BISTABILITY OF F_H CENTERS = 404
• Ⅵ. CONCLUSIONS = 411
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = 412
• REFERENCES = 412
• ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OFLOWER-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS / D.A. Broido = 415
• ABSTRACT = 415
• Ⅰ. SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS AND SUPERLATTICES = 415
• Ⅱ. EXCITONS IN QUANTUM WELLS = 418
• Ⅲ. THE FAR INFRARED SPECTRUM OF QUANTUM DOT STRUCTURES = 421
• REFERENCES = 423
• RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS AND NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY OF QUANTUM DOTS / U. Woggon = 425
• ABSTRACT = 425
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 425
• Ⅱ. FUNDAMENTALS = 426
• Ⅲ. NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY OF QUANTUM DOTS-REPRESENTATIVE EXPERIMENTS = 431
• Ⅳ. INTENSITY-DEPENDENT AND TIME-DEPENDENT NONLINEAR ABSORPTION OF DdSe-QUANTUM DOTS = 436
• Ⅴ. DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF CdS-AND CdSe-QUANTUM DOTS = 440
• Ⅵ. NON DEGENERATE FOUR WAVE MIXING AT CdSSe-QUANTUM DOTS = 445
• Ⅶ. TIME-RESOLVED LUMINESCENCE = 446
• Ⅷ. SUMMARY = 448
• Acknowledgment = 449
• REFERENCES = 449
• SOLITONS IN OPTICAL FIBERS AND THEIR USE IN ULTRA LONG DISTANCE, HIGH BIT RATE TRANSMISSION / L.F. Mollenauer ; J.P. Gordon = 451
• Ⅰ. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS = 451
• Ⅰ.A. The Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation = 452
• Ⅰ.B. Solitons = 453
• Ⅰ.C. Soliton Units = 454
• Ⅰ.D. Lumped Amplifiers and Solitons = 454
• Ⅰ.E. Other Potential Transmission Modes = 455
• Ⅰ.F. Transmission limits set by Spontaneous Emission Noise = 456
• Ⅱ. EXPERIMENTS = 458
• Ⅲ. BIT ERROR RATES-THEORY AND MEASUREMENT = 459
• Ⅳ. FREQUENCY GUIDING FILTERS = 461
• Ⅳ.A. Sliding-Frequency Guiding Filters = 463
• Ⅴ. WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING WITH SOLITONS = 470
• Ⅴ.A. Polarization Division Multiplexing = 473
• Ⅵ. CONCLUSION = 473
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT = 473
• APPENDIX = 474
• REFERENCES = 479
• ENERGY TRANSFER MECHANISMS AND EXCITED STATE DYNAMICS OF Yb^3+, Tm^3+ AND Ho^3+ DOPED Gd₃Ga_5O_12 SINGLE CRYSTALS / A. Brenier ; L.C. Courrol ; C. Pedrini ; C. Madej ; G. Boulon = 481
• ABSTRACT = 481
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 481
• Ⅱ. DOWN-CONVERSION PROCLSSES = 483
• Ⅲ. UP-CONVERSION PROCESSES = 485
• Ⅳ. EXCITED STATE ABSORPTION = 487
• Ⅴ. POSITIVE FEED-BACK AND LOOPING MECHANISM = 489
• Ⅵ. CONCLUSION = 490
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = 490
• REFERENCES = 490
• NANOPARTICLES IN AMORPHOUS SOLIDS AND THEIR NONLINEAR PROPERTIES / R. Reisfeld = 491
• ABSTRACT = 491
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 491
• Ⅱ. QUANTUM STRUCTURES AND ATOM ASSEMBLIES = 492
• Ⅲ. NONLINEAR OPTICAL CLASS MATERIALS = 498
• Ⅲ.A. Potential Glasses and Discussions = 499
• Ⅲ.B. Semiconductor-Doped Glasses and Ormosils prepared by the sol gel method = 505
• 1. Semiconductor quantum dots in glass in general = 508
• 2. CdS doped films = 509
• 3. Nonlinear properties of the CdS doped films = 510
• 4. Energy levels of CdS quantum dots in thin glass films = 511
• 5. CuCl quantum dots in thin films = 512
• 6. Preparation of thin glass films doped by quantum dots of CuBr = 515
• Ⅳ. CuCl-CuBr SOLID SOLUTIONS = 516
• Ⅴ. SEMICONDUCTOR NANOPARTICLES IN ZEOLITES = 517
• Ⅵ. METAL-CLUSTER-ORMOSIL NANOCOMPOSITES = 519
• Ⅶ. THE NONLINEAR PROPERTIES OF DYES IN SOL-GEL GLASSES = 520
• Ⅷ. CONCLUSIONS = 522
• Acknowledgments = 523
• REFERENCES = 523
• UP-CONVERSION AND EXCITED STATE ABSORPTION IN LASER CRYSTALS AND GLASSES : ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES / F. Auzel = 531
• ABSTRACT = 531
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 531
• Ⅱ. PRIMARY PROCESSES = 534
• Ⅱ.A. One Ion Processes = 534
• Ⅱ.B. Basic Processes Involved at High Concentration = 537
• 1. Energy Transfer = 537
• 2. Cross-Relaxation = 541
• 3. Up-conversion in Single Ion Level Description(APTE) and in Pair-Level One(Cooperative Effects) = 542
• 4. ESA and APTE Effect = 544
• 5. The Photon Avalanche Effect = 545
• Ⅲ. ROLES OF UP-CONVERSION PROCESSES IN LASER CRYSTALS AND GLASSES = 546
• Ⅲ.A. Negative Aspects : ESA and ESA Enhanced by APTE = 546
• Ⅲ.B. Positive Roles in Lasers : New Pumping Paths = 550
• Anti-Stokes Lasers in Crystals = 550
• Anti-Stokes Lasers in Glass Fibers = 551
• Up-conversion Laser With Original Pumping Schemes = 552
• Ⅳ. CONCLUSION = 552
• REFERENCES = 552
• NON-LINEAR EFFECTS IN INSULATING LASER CRYSTALS / A.A. Kaminskii = 555
• ABSTRACT = 555
• Ⅰ. SELF-FREQUENCY DOUBLED LASERS = 555
• Ⅱ. SELF-PUMP-FREQUENCY DOUBLED LASERS = 555
• Ⅲ. SELF-PUMPED SRS CRYSTALLINE LASERS = 557
• Ⅳ. CONCLUDING REMARKS = 560
• REFERENCES = 560
• COMPUTER MODELING OF NONLINEARITIES / A.M. Buoncristiani ; G. Armagan ; A.A. Kaminskii = 561
• ABSTRACT = 561
• Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 561
• Ⅱ. LASER MODELS AND STABILITY = 562
• Ⅲ. DESCRIPTION OF INTER-IONIC PROCESSES = 564
• Ⅳ. THE TM-HO LASER SYSTEM = 566
• REFERENCES = 569
• RATE EQUATION MODELING OF ENERGY TRANSFER PROCESSES / G. Armagan ; N.P. Barnes = 571
• ABSTRACT = 571
• Ⅰ. RATE EQUATION MODEL = 571
• Ⅰ.A. Rate Equations for Tm and Ho = 571
• Ⅰ.B. Temperature Dependent Relation Between Transfer Processes = 573
• Ⅱ. SOLUTIONS OF RATE EQUATIONS = 573
• Ⅱ.A. Steady State Solutions = 573
• Ⅱ.B. Time Dependent Solutions = 573
• Ⅲ. MEASURING EXCITED STATE POPULATION DENSITY = 574
• Ⅲ.A. Relation Between the Population Density and the Luminescence Spectrum = 574
• Ⅲ.B. Geometrical Proportionality Factor from Rate Equations = 575
• Ⅳ. STRONG EXCITATION CASE OF TM = 575
• Ⅳ.A. Steady State Excitation = 575
• Ⅳ.B. Pulsed Excitation = 576
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS = 576
• REFERENCES = 576
• SPECIAL SEMINARS
• COLD FUSION FOUR YEARS LATER / (F. Scaramuzzi) = 577
• SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY.SCIENTIFIC MENTALITY AND CHRISTIAN FAITH / (G. Koch) = 578
• SHORT SEMINARS
• ENHANCED RED TO BLUE CONVERSION LUMINESCENCE OF Tm^3+IN Yb^3+ DOPED FLUOROPHOSPHATE GLASSES / (G. Ozen) = 579
• CAPTURING A PHASE TRANSITION : THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GaAs FOLLOWING AN INTENSE ULTRASHORT OPTICAL EXCITATION / (E. Glezer) = 580
• SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN MOVPE ZnTe WAVEGUIDES / (H. P. Wagner) = 581
• NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES / (E. Anagnostakis) = 582
• RARE-EARTH DOPED SEMICONDUCTORS FOR LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS / (B. W. Wessels) = 583
• NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY IN CdSe : EXCITON COHERENCE AND DYNAMICS / (J. Erland) = 584
• TWO PHOTON PROCESSES INVOLVING SIMULTANEOUS ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITION MOMENTS / (J. Sztucki) = 585
• LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS AND IONS IN SUPERFLUID HELIUM / (H. Gunther) = 586
• MIXED-MODE POLARITIONS / (M. Fiebig) = 587
• SYNTHETIC DIAMOND : THE OPTICAL BAND AT 1.883 eV / (L. Rino) = 588
• PICOSECOND RADIATIONLESS RELAXATION OF THE F-CENTER IN NaBr INDUCED BY HYDROGEN IMPURITIES / (E. Gustin) = 589
• SILVER ATOMS ISOLATED IN RARE GAS CRYSTALS : TIME RESOLVED INVESTIGATION OF EXCITED STATE DYNAMICS / (R. Kometer) = 590
• SITE-SELECTION BY UP-CONVERSION IN CsCdBr_3 : Er^3+ / (P. Goldner) = 591
• ELECTRON-HOLE DROPLET FORMATION IN INDIRECT Al_XAs / (A. Worner) = 592
• DYNAMICS OF CARRIER INDUCED SCREENING OF THE PIEZOELECTRIC FIELDS IN CdS / CdSe SUPERLATTICES / (W. Langbein) = 593
• OPTICAL SWITCHING IN CdS / (R. Schmolke) = 594
• PHOTOREFLECTANCE : A POOR MAN'S APPROACH TO NON-LINEAR SPECTROSCOPY / (D. BIRKEDAL) = 595
• THE EFFECT OF CRYSTAL ANISOTROPY OF THE INFRARED REFLECTIVITY OF 6H-SiC / (F. Engelbrecht) = 596
• SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION IN DNA / (M. Large) = 597
• INFRARED TO VISIBLE UP-CONVERSION IN Cs_3Yb_2Cl_9 : Tm^3+ / (T. Riedener) = 598
• NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF LUMINESCENCE EMISSION INTENSITY OF RARE EARTHIONS WITH HIGH EXCITATION ENERGY / (G. Armagan) = 599
• STUDY OF HEALING AND INTERDIFFUSION PROCESSES AT PARTICLE-PARTICLE JUNCTION DURING LATES FILM FORMATION BY FLUORECENCE TECHNIQUE / (M. Canpolat) = 600
• FAST SCINTILLATOR GLASSES WHICH ARE HARD TO NUCLEAR RADIATIONS / (D. Hollis) = 601
• TRANSIENT HOLD-BURNING AND EXCITED STATE DYNAMICS IN A CO-ORDINATION COMPOUND / (E. Krausz) = 602
• ELECTRODYNAMICS OF THIN FILM WAVEGUIDES / (W. Ebeling) = 603
• TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN AN Er : YAG LASER ROD DURING FLASH LAMP PUMPING / (T. Rupnik) = 604
• ELECTRONIC ENERGY LEVEL STRUCTURE OF Er^3+ DOPED INTO 3 GARNET HOSTS / (J. Quagliano) = 605
• POSTERS
• THRESHOLD BEHAVIOR OF MICROCAVITY LASERS / (D. Boggavarapu) = 607
• CALCULATION OF THE THG, TWO AND THREE PHOTON ABSORPTION IN C_60 AND C_70 MOLECULES / (M. Fanti) = 608
• LOW FREQUENCY RAMAN SCATTERING FROM THERMALLY TREATED OXIDE GLASSES / (K. Lipinska-Kalita) = 609
• BaLiF₃ : Ni^2+ - SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF LASER CAPABILITIES / (E. Martins) = 610
• STUDY OF A DIODE-PUMPED LASER YLF : Tm, Ho LASER AT 2㎛ / (A. Toncelli) = 611
• DECAY BEHAVIOR OF EXCITED Nd IONS IN KYF₄ CRYSTALS / (C. Yang) = 612
• SUMMARY OF THE COURSE / (R. Macfarlane) = 613
• PICTURE OF THE PARTICIPANTS = 615
• PARTICIPANTS = 619
• INEDX = 633