『제5도살장』의 이중구조: 지구인 보네것과 트랠패머도어 인 필그림 = Double Plots in Slaughterhouse-Five: Earthling Vonnegut vs. Tralfamadorian Pilgrim

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Slaughterhouse-Five is a novel about the humanist Kurt Vonnegut who tells a tale of Billy Pilgrim, the Tralfamadorian fatalist. In chapter 1 of the novel Vonnegut tells of himself and his motives in writing his Dresden novel, and from chapters 2 to 10 presents Pilgrim`s story, offering final comments in the last chapter. In this narrative frame Pilgrim`s story is a negative example to emphasize the importance of the author`s humanist viewpoint. So the structure of Slaughterhouse-Five recalls Dryden`s tragicomedy in which the comic action as an underplot serves the main plot. In Slaughterhouse-Five, in fact, Kurt Vonnegut separates actions of his own as an autobiographical fictional hero from those of Billy Pilgrim as an antagonist. Vonnegut`s autobiographical story is part of the novel`s artistic construction, and forms a narrative frame in which Vonnegut contrasts himself, the novel`s genuine hero who faces the horror of Dresden that he suffered through and lived to write about, with Billy Pilgrim, another Dresden survivor who escapes into a fantasy. The science-fictional mode in the novel provides Pilgrim`s tale with a convincing form of fantasy that characterizes science fiction as escapist literature. As the narrator Vonnegut attributes Pilgrim`s time travel to his fantasy, his time travel is used as a main narrative device, much as the Tralfamadorian philosophy of time is an escape from the concept of temporal linearity. As Vonnegut offers Pilgrim`s story as a negative exemplum, science-fictional themes and trappings function as a trap; readers are first encouraged to accept the unacceptable Tralfamadorian perspective and then to refute it when they see the real meaning of Pilgrim`s fantasy. For this purpose, Vonnegut experiments with a narrative form and repetitive patterns that rely on the reader`s psychology.