Parks are an essential element of the city, but a fair number of park sites are left unexecuted due to lack of local government's finance in korea. In order to solve this problem, the "Special Use Permit system of Development Activities in Urban Park ...
Parks are an essential element of the city, but a fair number of park sites are left unexecuted due to lack of local government's finance in korea. In order to solve this problem, the "Special Use Permit system of Development Activities in Urban Park Sites" was established in 2009, and it became possible to create urban parks through private capital. The main purpose of the special system is to develop less than 30% of the unexecuted park land with an area of 50,000m² or more as a profitable non-park facility, and to construct the remaining site as a park and donate to the local government. As a result, a number of the Private-Initiated Park Development Projects developed by the private sector are being carried out and planned nationwide, most of the projects are developing apartment complexes in unexecuted park sites and creating the rest sites as parks. However, there is no specific guideline that should be considered from a planning perspective when residential area is developed in the park where many people use. Consequently, There are arising concerns regarding existing parks that might be less accessible or become privatized. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the Private-Initiated Park Development Project in Korea and to propose design guidelines for housing development in particular.
For this purpose, proposal analysis, field trips and user inquiries on 'Chudong Neighborhood Park' and 'Jickdong Neighborhood Park' in Uijeongbu, where the park donation and moving into an apartment were completed as the first cases in Korea, were processed. Through analysing both case, the strengths and weaknesses of Private-Initiated Park Development Project were drawn. Followed by the case analysis, 70 unexecuted neighborhood parks, which are suitable for residential development in park sites in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, were selected as the research targets. Topographical conditions defined by surrounding land use and land of slope were judged to be the most important priority in residential development. Accordingly, The unexecuted neighborhood parks were classified by geography and characteristics of the unexecuted neighborhood parks were identified. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the Private-Initiated Park Development Project and the unexecuted neighborhood park, development directions were proposed based on three planning factors: 'size and density of residential area', 'right place of parks and residential development' and 'use of parks and the publicness'. The results of the study are summarized as follows.
Firstly, in order to achieve the appropriate ‘size and density of residential area’ within the park site, it is necessary to systematically improve the regulation contents of the existing zoning and the ratio of the non-park facilities in the park site. Due to the current regulations, only small, high-rise and high-density apartment complexes are planned in the park, regardless of the nature of the park. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to alleviate or reinforce the criteria of the floor area ratio of the residential area and the ratio of the non-park facility site according to the total area of the park and the hight of the housing to allow various types of housing while achieving profitability.
Secondly, 'The appropriate place of the park and residential development' is recommended to plan differently according to the direction of the development of the park. Parks constructed as a facility should provide accessibility of the park to nearby residents and should be careful not to be privatized by residential areas developed within the park site. On the other hand, in the case of parks constructed mainly to conserve nature, it is necessary to plan the residential area developed in the park site nearby the existing city area and in order to minimize natural damage.
Thirdly, in order to secure 'Use of parks and The publicness' for the public, it is necessary to secure rental housing and public facilities that can be used by multiple people, in addition to the development of private residential areas in park sites. In order to induce this, it has been proposed to provide the incentive of the floor area ratio to the private park operator or to divide and develop one unexecuted park site by a number of private companies.
In the current situation, various local governments currently inevitably carry out implementing residential development projects in unexecuted park sites. Therefore, This study is meaningful in proposing planning or design guidelines regarding housing development and creating parks without losing the function and public nature of parks. Furthermore, The study comprehensively explores important topics that determine the success or failure of the long-term unexecuted park development.