저소득층의 흡연 행태와 관련 요인 = The Factors Associated with Smoking Behavior of Low-income People

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 국내 사회경제적 흡연 불평등 완화를 위하여 저소득층과 비저소득층의 흡연 행태에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석에는 한국복지패널 3차 연도 자료를 사용하였으며 이 설문조사를 완료한 대상자 중 비저소득층 7,745명과 저소득 층 3,994명, 총 11,739명을 대상으로 성별과 소득수준을 층화하여 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과 연령표준화 현재 흡연율은 저소득층의 경우 남자 53.9%, 여자 6.2%로 비저소득층 남자 48.0%, 여자 2.8%로 저소득층에서 뚜렷이 높았고, 현재 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인은 저소득층과 비저소득층 사이에 차이가 있었다. 저소득과 비저소득층에 관계없이 공통적으로 현재 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인은 남자의 경우 고령, 경제활동 하지 않음, 주택소유 여부, 좋지 않은 건강상태, 낮은 전반적 만족도였으며, 여자의 경우 이혼, 별거 및 사별과 주택 소유 여부였다(P<0.05). 그러나 비저소득층 남자에서는 낮은 교육수준, 미혼이 유의한 영향을 미친 반면, 저소득층에서는 이혼, 별거 및 사별과 낮은 자아존중감이 유의한 영향을 미쳤다(P<0.05). 또한 비저소득층 여자에서는 낮은 교육수준, 미혼, 경제활동 하지 않음, 낮은 자아존중감이 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 저소득층에서는 고령, 가구형태가 유의한 영향을 미쳤다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 소득 계층에 따라 흡연행태에 영향을 미치는 요인이 다르기 때문에 금연사업의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 흡연율이 높은 저소득층에 대한 보다 적극적인 금연정책이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 기존의 보편적인 접근뿐만 아니라, 저소득층의 특성에 맞춘 전략이 필요하고, 특히 이 연구에서 저소득층의 흡연에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 자아존중감, 가구형태, 결혼상태 등과 같은 사회심리적 요인에 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 또한 성별에 따라 흡연행태와 특성이 다르므로 이에 대한 고려도 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to identify whether the factors affecting the smoking behaviors of low-income people differ from those affecting the high-income people in order to abate the socioeconomic inequalities in smoking. This research used the third wave data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study and undertook the multivariate logistic analysis for a total of 11,739 survey respondents constituting 7,745 high-income people and 3,994 low-income people who were stratified by gender and an income level. The analysis found that the age-standardized smoking rates of low-income is significantly higher(men 53.9%, women 6.2%) than the others(men 48.0%, women 2.8%) and the factors affecting the smoking behaviors of low-income people differed from those affecting the high-income people. Common factors for men, regardless of an income level, included old age, economic inactivity, house ownership, poor health, and overall low satisfaction with life; common factors for women included divorce, separation, bereavement, and house ownership (P<0.05). However, a low-level of education and unmarried status had significant impacts on high-income male smokers while divorce, separation, bereavement, and low self-esteem had significant effects on low-income male smokers (P<0.05). Moreover, smoking of high-income women were significantly affected by a low level of education, unmarried status, economic inactivity, and low self-esteem while that of low-income women were significantly influenced by old age and household type (P<0.05). Therefore, not only existing universal approaches to all of the smoking people but also targeted strategies for low-income people with a higher smoking rate are required to enhance the effectiveness of anti-smoking policy. In particular, the psychosocial factors such as self-esteem, household type, & marital status need more attentions.

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