브라질 좌파의 집권은 어떻게 가능하였는가? : 노동자당(PT) 룰라의 대선승리요인을 중심으로 = How did the Brazilian leftist party win the 2002 presidential

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

How did the Brazilian leftist party win the 2002 presidential
election?: Reasons for the victory of PT's Lula
With the question of "How did the Brazilian leftist party win the 2002
presidential election?: Reasons for the victory of PT's Lula" , this article
analyzes the process of 2002 presidential election in Brazil, considering
three principal elements. First, the deception to the Cardoso's
government for the economic reasons, not ideological reasons, which
had started to adopt positively the neoliberalism since Brazil's
redemocritization and it strongly affected Brazilian society especially
regarding to the problems of distribution and unemployment; second,
PT's strategic change to win in the elections since its formation,
maintaining its position criticizing severely the neoliberalism, gaining its
popularity for governability through the experience of participatory
democracy in Porto Alegre. The PT's strategic move to the center
continuously transformed its internal institutions was regarded as
credible by voters, in which the ordinary members could influence the
party's direction; third, disillusion and discredit to the conservative elite
politicians because of political corruptions and scandals through the
process of privatization.
And as other elements, electoral advertising campaign on TV and the
results of public opinion polls after candidates' debate on TV had
affected the indecisive electorate, especially women and old people with
little regular schooling, to vote for the victory of Labor's Party
candidate, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, besides his charismatic popularity
under the circumstance of Brazil's fragile political party system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가는 글 2
• Ⅱ. 신자유주의의 실패 6
• 1. 민주화 이후의 경제혼란: 하이퍼 인플레이션과 경기침체 7
• 2. 카르도주의 헤알계획 8
• 3. 신자유주의 경제정책과 민영화 10
• Ⅲ. PT의 변화 12
• 1. 조직내 다양성과 통일성 견지 13
• 2. 선거를 통한 PT의 성장 15
• 3. PT의 노선수정: 중도로의 변신 성고 19
• 4. 브라질 사회의 변화 20
• 5. 참여예산제 22
• 6. 재계의지지 22
• Ⅳ. 카르도주 정부에 대한 심판과 우파의 무능 24
• 1. 여당 후보 세하에 대한 평가 25
• 2. 호제아나 사르네이이 등장과 지지율 변화 25
• 3. 정치적 부패로 얼룩진 민영화 26
• Ⅴ. 브라질 정치적 특성과 2002년 대선 결과 28
• 1. 브라질 선거제도와 다당제 28
• 2. 후견주의와 철새정치 30
• 3. 2002년 대선은 과연 이데올로기에 의한 선거였는가? 31
• 4. 무료 선거홍보 프로그램과 여론조사 33
• 5. 유권자들에 대한 분석 33
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 34

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