신체활동이 뇌의 구조적 특성에 미치는 효과

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 신체활동과 뇌의 구조적 특성에 관한 문헌을 조사하여 신체활동이 노화로 인한 뇌구조에 미치는 영향을 웰니스적 삶을 위해 논의해 보고자 하였다. 연령 증가에 의해 뇌의 전전두엽, 측두엽부위 변화가 유의하게 나타나고, 뇌량의 부피는 감소한 다. 뇌의 구조는 신체활동을 포함한 학습능력 및 경험에 의해 변화하며, 신체활동에 의해 해마 부피가 최대산소섭취량과 정적 상 관관계를 이루며 증가한다. 뇌 구조 발달을 위해 아동 및 청소년은 유산소 운동, 저항운동, 복합운동과 중-고강도의 신체활동이 필요하며, 성인은 개인에 맞는 운동종목과 운동량을 결정할 수 있는 능력을 갖추게 하고, 노인들에게는 중강도 정도의 빨리 걷기, 조깅, 수영 등의 유산소 운동이 적합하다고 사료된다. 학교체육과 생애교육을 통해 어린 시절부터 신체활동과 뇌 구조 특성 및 노 화에 대한 이해를 갖게 하여 인지기능 향상 및 뇌질환을 예방하고 대비할 수 있는 인식을 고취시킬 필요가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to effects of physical activity on structural characteristics of the brain as a review of literature to discuss that physical activity is effects of the brain structure by the aging for wellness life. A changes in prefrontal, temporal of the brain and corpus callosum volume decrease were revealed significantly by the increase of age. The brain structure changes by the learning ability and experiences including physical activity. In addition to the volume of hippocampus increases by physical activity showing positive correlation with maximum oxygen intake. For the structural improvement of the brain in childfood and young people, it is necessary to have aerobic activities, muscle-strengthening activities, bone-strengthening activities and mid to high-level intensity of physical activity. For adults, they require preparing the capability to decide their own exercise type and its intensity, while for old-aged, aerobic exercises seem to be applicable including fast walking in a week, jogging, and swimming targeting. From school physical education and lifelong educations, it essentially needs to have the fundamental knowledge to improvement of cognitive function to prevent and prepare from brain diseases, with understanding of physical activity, structure characteristics of the brain and aging process.

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