Estimating Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation Schedules Using CROPWAT in the Maliana, East Timor = Estimating Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation Schedules Using CROPWAT in the Maliana, East Timor

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The problem of high amount of fluoride in groundwater is commonly in the worldwide. Many researchers and scholars with different techniques was tried dealing with that problem so as to solve it. Different parameters affecting efficiency of fluoride removal such as adsorbent dose, the time of contact, temperatures conditions, fluoride concentration, pH solution and ions concentrations were considered. Groundwater was used to test the performance of the adsorbent under the optimum conditions. Equilibrium data are well expressed by Freundlich isotherm models and Langmuir, so as to Compared to the adsorption characteristics of fluoride on Aluminum chloride. The pseudo first order and pseudo second order were also applied in comparison. While the pseudo second-order model is found to be more suitable than the pseudo first-order to the fluorides adsorption description. It is observed that, under the optimum conditions the use of aluminum chloride with modified rice husk bio char are maximum in fluoride removal, which indicated that aluminum chloride-modified bio char can be used efficiently as adsorbents for the fluoride removal. The aluminum chloride-modified bio char derived from rice husk were used to treat the fluoride obtained from groundwater.