In the current seismic design procedure, the base shear is calculated by a elastic strength demand divided by a strength reduction factor. This factor is well known as the response modification factor R which accounts for ductility, overstrength, redu...
In the current seismic design procedure, the base shear is calculated by a elastic strength demand divided by a strength reduction factor. This factor is well known as the response modification factor R which accounts for ductility, overstrength, redundancy and damping of a structural system. This study considers ductility and overstrength of a wall-type apartment buildings for investigating the R factor. That is, the R factor was determined from the product of the ductility factor(R_{μ}) and the strength factor(R_{s}). The ductility factor R_{μ} is defined by the ratio of the elastic strength demand (base shear) imposed on a SDOF system to the inelastic strength demand for a given ductility ratio. The ductility ratio is defined as the maximum displacement of a system to the yield displacement. Thus, the R_{μ} factor allows a system to behave inelastically within the target ductility ratio. This study investigates the effect of the hysteretic model of a system on R_{μ} factor. In this study three different hysteretic models, which are ① elasto-perfectly plastic, ② bilinear and ③ stiffness degradation models, are considered. Also, the effect of the target ductility ratio and the period of a system is investigated. For this purpose, the statistical studies are carried out, using forty different earthquake ground motions recorded at stiff-soil site (classified as S_{1} in UBC). Based on the results of statistical studies, the functional form of the R_{μ} factor is provided. The ductility factor R_{μ} is assumed to be a function of the characteristic parameters of each hysteretic model, target ductility ratio and structural period. The effects of each hysteretic model to the R_{μ} factor are discussed, using the established functional form of ductility factor. Strength factor was evaluated using pushover analyses on shear walls considered the number of stories in the apartment building. Additionally, the lowest values of strength factor and deformation capacity were evaluated through the experimental results of 40 shear wall specimens. Strength factor, obtained from dividing reserve strength by design strength, increased as the number of stories of a shear wall system decreased. For example, strength factor of shear wall system was 202-2.81 for 20 stories, 2.47-4.03 for 15 stories, 2.86-5.31 for 10 stories, and 4.36-12.43 for 5 stories. This result attributed from the code minimum requirements such as minimum reinforcement ratio and thickness of wall. The mean value of strength factor was evaluated as 1.35 for 40 specimens which represented optimally proportioned wall sections. The lower bound of strength factor could he estimated 1.98 by considering strain rate effect (1.05) and load factor (1.4) in addition to above va]ue of 1.35. Also, the lower value of strength factor considering load factor and strength reduction factor may be 1.56. Meanwhile, experimental study whose main variables were the lateral confinement of boundary element and sectional shape of the critical wall section, was carried out. Deformation index(ductility ratio above 3, deformation capacity 1.5%) of all specimens, which is required in design provision, were satisfied. Especially, the prototype specimen (HRI-W2) with rectangular shape and the specimen with barbell shape which represents boundary elements, have similar performances Considering workability and economy of rebar detailing, the prototype specimen with rectangular shape which reinforced according to the provision on the spacing of transverse reinforcement in a column, is more efficient lateral resistant system. Response modification factor for the shear wall system of apartment building varies with longitudinal and transverse directions and the number of stories. Response modification factor in transverse direction is 5.52-14.17 for regarding hysteretic behavior as elasto-perfectly model, and 4.68-12.43 for origin-oriented model. Response modification factor in longitudinal direction is 4.37-7.19 for elasto-perfectly model, and 3.71-6.36 for origin-oriented model. Conclusively, since Korea belongs to the moderate or nonseismic zone according to ACI 318-95, it would not be necessary to follow the column-type boundary element design, which is required in strong seismic zone by ACI and UBC provisions. There are no regulations in ACI and UBC on lateral reinforcement of a shear wall at moderate or nonseismic zone. However, considering on design and construction practice, it is reasonable to reinforce the boundary of a wall in compliance with the spacing of lateral reinforcements in a column. In this case, it is suggested that response modification factor for shear wall system may be 3.5-3.8, which is equivalent for response modification factor (Rw=6) in UBC.