The purpose of this study was to identify intensive care unit(ICU) nurses’ attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment and their perceptions toward discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life, and to o...
The purpose of this study was to identify intensive care unit(ICU) nurses’ attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment and their perceptions toward discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life, and to obtain basic data for a patient-centered decision-making process for life-sustaining treatment by examining the relationship between these attitudes and perceptions.
This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive correlational survey, and the study participants were nurses with at least three months of clinical experience working in adult ICUs at S hospital, a tertiary hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. The data collection period was from July 1st to July 22nd, 2025, and data analysis was conducted with a total of 146 participants.
A structured self-report questionnaires were used, and attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment were measured using the instrument developed by Kim(2020), while perceptions regarding the discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life were measured using an instrument developed by the researcher based on prior studies.
The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0, and to establish the validity of the instrument developed by the researcher, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) was performed. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment and perceptions of discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life.
As a result of performing EFA on the instrument measuring perceptions of discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life, the data were found to be suitable for EFA, with a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin(KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.59 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity yielding χ²=1039.78, df=66, p<0.001. The analysis showed that the factor loadings for all items were 0.4 or higher, confirming that the developed instrument possessed adequate construct validity.
The results of the study showed that ICU nurses’ attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment were very high, with a mean score of 31.5 points (IQR=5) out of a total of 35 points. The item “Patients have the right to accept or refuse life-sustaining treatment” had the highest score, with a median of 5 points (IQR=0). The reverse-scored item “Discussion of life-sustaining treatment options can be overwhelming for patients, so interviews with the family should be conducted first.” had the lowest score, with a median of 2 points (IQR=1).
ICU nurses’ perceptions of discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life were positive but showed a relatively neutral tendency, with a mean score of 37.57(±6.44) points out of a total of 60 points. The item with the highest score was “Patients should have the right to initiate or discontinue enteral nutrition at the end of life”, with a mean of 4.17(±0.67) points out of 5. The item with the lowest score was “Parenteral nutrition prolongs suffering in patients at the end of life” with a mean of 2.80(±0.91) points out of 5. With respect to differences in perception levels according to participant characteristics, male nurses had higher scores than female nurses (t=2.30, p=0.02), and nurses who were not married had higher scores than married nurses (t=-2.35, p=0.02).
As a result of the correlation analysis between attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment and perceptions of discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life, a statistical significant positive correlation was found between attitudes and perceptions (ρ=0.23, p=0.006).
In conclusion, positive attitudes toward respect for self-determination in life-sustaining treatment can be considered to be associated with positive perceptions of discontinuation of artificial nutrition at the end of life. The core of the decision-making process for life-sustaining treatment is to guarantee patients’ right to self-determination, and whether to maintain or discontinue artificial nutrition at the end of life is related to this. Therefore, alongside efforts to amend the current Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act, under which discontinuation of artificial nutrition is not allowed, it is necessary to ensure that the Act’s purposes – the guarantee of patients’ best interests and their right to self-determination - can be sufficiently achieved by providing education on the right to self-determination and artificial nutrition to nurses currently working in ICUs.