분열형 성격성향을 가진 대학생들의 인지적 및 정서적 공감 = Cognitive and Affective Empathy in College Students with High Schizotypy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether schizotypal personality trait in normal individuals were related to cognitive and affective empathy. Undergraduates (N=608) were screened using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and those with high schizotypy (N=69) and those with low schizotypy (N=80) were contacted to participate in this study. Thirty-one individuals with high schizotypy and 31 with low schizotypy were agreed to participate in the full assessment. All participants completed the Faux Pas Task, experimental tool that assess the ability of cognitive empathy and the Interpersonal Reactive Index (IRI), self-reported scale that assess both cognitive and affective empathy. Also current verbal IQ was assessed using the Vocabulary test in K-WAIS and Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report was used to evaluate social functioning. The results showed that individuals with high schizotypy reported lower social adjustment than the control group while verbal IQ was not significantly different between groups. Also individuals with high schizotypy showed significantly lower scores on the Perspective taking scale and higher scores on the Fantasy scale and the Personal distress scale in the IRI. However, there was no significant group difference in performance of ToM task. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 분열형 성격 성향과 인지적 및 정서적 공감 능력, 사회 적응 수준과의 관련성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 608명에게 분열형 성격척도(SPQ)를 실시 한 뒤, 상위 10%는 분열형 성격 성향군, 하위 10%는 통제군으로 분류하였고 각 집단별로 31명씩 총 62명이 연구에 참여하였다. 그들을 대상으로 K-WAIS 어휘 검사, 인지적 공감 능력을 측정하는 실험과제인 마음이론 과제(실언과제), 인지적 및 정서적 공감을 모두 측정하는 자기보고식 척도인 대인관계 반응 지수(IRI), 사회적응 수준을 측정하는 사회적응척도(SAS)를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 분열형 성격 성향군은 지능에서 통제군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 학업 수행을 비롯한 사회적 적응 수준은 통제군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 아울러 실험 과제를 통해 알아본 인지적 공감 능력에는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 공감에 관한 주관적 보고 상에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 인지적 공감 측면에서 분열형 성격 성향군은 통제군에 비해 실제 대인관계에서 타인의 입장을 고려하는 정도는 낮으나, 허구의 대상에 대한 감정 이입 수준은 높았고, 정서적 공감 측면에서는 외부의 부정적인 정서 자극으로 인해 정서적 고통감을 더 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 분열형 성격 성향자들의 대인관계 및 사회적응에 대한 개입에서는 이와 같은 인지적, 정서적 공감 특성을 고려해야 할 것으로 보인다.

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