「기사의 이야기」: 형식(Forms), 부조화(Incongruities) 및 초서의 의도 = The Knight’s Tale: Forms, Incongruities, and Chaucer’s intention

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Knight's Tale has often been cited as a representative example of conventional or formal style. This formalism is characterized not only by the use of rhetoric and a high style of writing but also by the use of a classical setting and the patterns and correspondences found in the Latin works. In addition, the idea of correspondence between gods and men is properly developed in the tale, and this yields an ordered, symmetrical set of characters. Considering the ordering of forms and patterns along with the prominent presentation in Theseus' sermon of the order of Nature, it is not exaggerating to assume that the Knight's Tale is in some way about order.
However, when more closely examined, the Knight's Tale seems to be more about disorder than order. It is through his careful manipulation of artistic patterns or forms that the narrator attempts to show the vision of order and harmony in the ideal world of chivalry. However, the poet-Chaucer tries to strip the artificiality of the Knight's unearthly idealism and to reveal the impossibility of keeping order in real life. By adding his realistic perspective against the Knight's idealism, Chaucer in the tale leads us to doubt the Knight's optimistic belief in the orderly working of universe. Chaucer places the incongruent elements within the Knight's Tale, which, disturbing the narrative flow, lead the reader to be suspicious of both the narrator and his narrative. Furthermore, it is through the narrative techniques of variety that Chaucer is at great pains to separate the Knight's voice from his own. For example, not only in content, but in stylistics, do the loopholes in the Knight's Tale reflect Theseus' or the Knight's failure in controlling more complex, harsher reality with their outmoded vision of the world grounded on the aristocratic chivalry, and their misconception of the working of divine justice. In addition, Chaucer's voice in the Knight's narrative is satirizing the limitations of the Knight's chivalric mentality that a social order grounded on violence can prevail in reality.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Knight's Tale has often been cited as a representative example of conventional or formal style. This formalism is characterized not only by the use of rhetoric and a high style of writing but also by the use of a classical setting and the patterns and correspondences found in the Latin works. In addition, the idea of correspondence between gods and men is properly developed in the tale, and this yields an ordered, symmetrical set of characters. Considering the ordering of forms and patterns along with the prominent presentation in Theseus' sermon of the order of Nature, it is not exaggerating to assume that the Knight's Tale is in some way about order.
However, when more closely examined, the Knight's Tale seems to be more about disorder than order. It is through his careful manipulation of artistic patterns or forms that the narrator attempts to show the vision of order and harmony in the ideal world of chivalry. However, the poet-Chaucer tries to strip the artificiality of the Knight's unearthly idealism and to reveal the impossibility of keeping order in real life. By adding his realistic perspective against the Knight's idealism, Chaucer in the tale leads us to doubt the Knight's optimistic belief in the orderly working of universe. Chaucer places the incongruent elements within the Knight's Tale, which, disturbing the narrative flow, lead the reader to be suspicious of both the narrator and his narrative. Furthermore, it is through the narrative techniques of variety that Chaucer is at great pains to separate the Knight's voice from his own. For example, not only in content, but in stylistics, do the loopholes in the Knight's Tale reflect Theseus' or the Knight's failure in controlling more complex, harsher reality with their outmoded vision of the world grounded on the aristocratic chivalry, and their misconception of the working of divine justice. In addition, Chaucer's voice in the Knight's narrative is satirizing the limitations of the Knight's chivalric mentality that a social order grounded on violence can prevail in reality.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이동일, "켄터베리 이야기 I" 한울 2001

2 이동춘, "기사의 이야기? 다시 읽기: 기사와 그의 이야기는 초서의 가치관과 목소리의 반영인가" 서울: 한울 27-37, 1998

3 Luxon, Thomas H., "“‘Sentence’ and ‘Solaas’: Proverbs and Consolation in The Knight’s Tale" 22 : 94-109, 1987

4 Olson, Paul A., "“Chaucer’s Epic Statement and the Political Milieu of the Late Fourteenth Century.”" 5 : 61-87, 1979

5 Woods, William F., "Up and Down, To and Fro: Spatial Relationship in the Knight's Tale" Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute P 1991

6 Hendrick, William., "The structural Study of Narration: Sample Analyses" 3 : 100-105, 1972

7 Levi-Strauss., "The Structural Study of Myth" Indiana: Indiana UP 1965

8 Chaucer, Geoffrey., "The Riverside Chaucer. Gen. Ed. Larry Benson" Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1987

9 Herzman, Ronald B., "The Paradox of Form: The Knight’s Tale and Chaucerian Aesthetics" 10 : 339-352, 1974

10 Fifield, Merle., "The Knight’s Tale: Incident, Idea, Incorporation" 3 : 95-106, 1968

11 Wilson, H. S., "The Knight’s Tale and The Teseida Again" 18 : 131-146, 1948

12 Neuse, Richard., "The Knight: The First Mover in Chaucer’s Human Comedy" 31 : 299-315, 1961

13 Campbell, Joseph., "The Hero with a Thousand Faces" Princeton: Princeton UP 1968

14 Wittig, Susan., "Stylistic and Narrative Structures in the Middle English Romances" Austin and London: U of Texas P 1978

15 Rowe, Elizabeth Ashman., "Structure and Pattern in Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale" 8 : 169-186, 1986

16 Vesey, David., "Statius and the Thebaid" Cambridge: Cambridge UP 1973

17 Kean, "Patricia M. Chaucer and the Making of English Poetry: Vol. II, The Art of Narrative" London: Routledge and K. Paul 1972

18 Foster, Edward., "Humor in the Knight’s Tale" 3 : 88-94, 1969

19 Muscatine, Charles., "Form, Texture and Meaning in Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale" 65 : 911-925, 1950

20 Schweitzer, Edward C., "Fate and Freedom in The Knight’s Tale" 3 : 1981

21 Pratt, Robert A., "Chaucer’s Use of the Teseida" 62 : 598-621, 1947

22 Stroud, Theodore A., "Chaucer’s Structural Balancing of Troilus and ‘Knight’s Tale" 21 : 31-45, 1981

23 Penninger, Elaine F., "Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale and the Theme of Appearance and Reality in The Canterbury Tales" 63 : 398-405, 1964

24 Herz, Judith., "Chaucer’s Elegiac Knight" 6 : 212-224, 1964

25 Barnes, Geraldine., "Chaucer’s Double Telling of the Knight’s Tale" Sydney: U of Sydney 1989

26 Salter,Elizabeth, "Chaucer:The Knight’s Tale and the Clerk’s Tale" Edward Arnold 1962

27 Baum, Paul., "Chaucer: A Critical Appreciation" Durham: Duke UP 1958

28 Muscatine, Charles., "Chaucer and the French Tradition: A Study in Style and Meaning" California: Berkeley UP 1957

29 Halverson, John., "Aspects of Order in the Knight’s Tale" 57 : 606-621, 1960

30 Turner, Frederick., "A Structuralist Analysis of the Knight’s Tale" 8 : 279-296, 1974