A Study on the Characteristics of the Activation of Bicycle Use Policy and Their Implications to Urban Planning
: focusing on Dongtan(2) Newtown
JAEYUN KIM
Urban and Regional Planning
Department of Environmental Planning
Graduate School of Environme...
A Study on the Characteristics of the Activation of Bicycle Use Policy and Their Implications to Urban Planning
: focusing on Dongtan(2) Newtown
JAEYUN KIM
Urban and Regional Planning
Department of Environmental Planning
Graduate School of Environmental Studies
Seoul National University
Discussions on “climate change” in Korean urban planning began in earnest after the mid-2000s. With the “Sustainable Newtown Planning Standards” announced in 2005 and the “Basic Law for Low Carbon, Green Growth” in 2008, the urban planning paradigm shifted from “growth” to “management”. Amid changes in the urban planning paradigm, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security announced the “Comprehensive Measures for Activation of Bicycle Use” in 2008. Korea Land and Housing Corporation (LH) as an operator of Newtown construction applied a master plan based on the “Dongtan(2) Newtown Low-Carbon City Introduction Study” to Dongtan(2) Newtown. The Dongtan(2) Newtown was planned in response to the demand for a change in the urban planning paradigm such as sustainability, low carbon, and activation of bicycle use.
Since 2009, the plan to activate the use of bicycles in Dongtan(2) Newtown has been in full swing. As a measure of reducing carbon generation, activation of bicycle use was applied to the transportation field. As a result, bicycle paths boasting connectivity and design unity were installed throughout the Dongtan(2) Newtown. Bicycle parking lots are available throughout the city and major facilities.
However, as of 2018, the share of bicycle vehicles in Dongtan(2) Newtown is merely 1.8%. Compared to the initial planning standard (1.2%), the Hwaseong overall average (1.4%), and the Korean average (1.6%), it cannot be evaluated as a remarkable performance. It is not at all close to the initial target of 20%. This study raised a question about the case in terms of the efficiency and the effectiveness of reducing carbon generation through increasing the share of bicycle vehicles It is difficult to explain the unremarkable performance of the case of Dongtan(2) Newtown with the best bicycle use environment. From this point of view, it was thought that a fundamental discussion on the nature of the bicycle use activation plan was necessary. It is widely accepted that bicycles are sustainable means of transportation, and, therebv, a comprehensive approach to promote bicycle use as part of low-carbon urban planning is increasingly supported.
In this study, a theoretical framework was established through theoretical and practical insights on the planning system for activating bicycle use. First, a low-carbon urban plan was analyzed at the starting point of the bicycle use activation plan. The effectiveness of the bicycle use activation plan and the role of urban planning as a principle of reducing carbon generation in low-carbon planning were confirmed. The inherent characteristics of the bicycle use activation plan were due to the characteristics of bicycles as a means of transportation and the necessity of selecting the means from the perspective of users.
The specific direction of the bicycle use activation plan was confirmed through advanced bicycle cases. Based on the theoretical questions about the plan to revitalize the use of bicycles, advanced cases of bicycles were analyzed. As a result, the bicycle use activation plan shows the sharing of a bicycle means as the target standard, cooperative governance as a feature of the planning system, securing bicycle competitiveness in the spatial structure, inducing the competitiveness of bicycle means in the planning technique, and improving urban competitiveness as a meaning. And it was found. As a result of analyzing the case of bicycle use in Dongtan(2) Newtown through the theoretical analysis frame, the characteristics of the bicycle use activation plan were closely related to the effectiveness and efficiency of the plan. In addition, the planning elements were closely linked within the bicycle use activation plan system.
This study is a case study that raised questions about the effectiveness and efficiency of activating bicycle use in Dongtan(2) Newtown, a pilot case of low-carbon urban planning. The discussion of climate change in urban planning means a change in the way of life that goes beyond a simple change of direction of planning. As a low-carbon urban plan, the activation of bicycle use makes the urban spatial structure compact and entails changes in daily life such as land use and living radius as well as traffic. This study analyzed the possibility of regaining the implication to urban planning in Korea's bicycle use activation plan by specifying the theoretical discussion on the characteristics of the bicycle use activation plan and presenting the direction through advanced case analysis.
Keywords: Activation of bicycle use, Low Carbon Planning, implication to urban planning, Characteristics of the planning, Planning system, Collaborative Governance
Student Number: 2018-26196