국민학교 산수와 문제해결력 신장을 위한 CAI 프로그램 개발에 관한 기초 연구 -학습자의 문제해결능력, 문제의 유형, CRT 상의 제시형태 변인을 중심으로 = A Study on the Development of CAI Programs for the Enhancement of Problem- Solving Ability in Elementary Mathematics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the main and interaction effects of the type of problems, the presentation form of problems on the screen of computer (abbr. CRT ) and the level of a learner``s problem-solving ability on problem-solving performance for collecting related data in development a computer- assisted instructional (CAI) program, that is designed to enhance problem-solving ability. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the following hypotheses were set up on the basis of the review of literature. 1. Concerning learners`` problem-solving abilities, learners with a relatively high-level of problem solving abilities will demonstrate better performance than those with a low-level of problem-solving abilities in problem solving performance on the CRT. 2. Concerning the type of problems, learners will demonstrate better performance in Solving complex translation problems than in solving process problems. 3. Concerning the presentation form of problems, learners will show the worst performance in the problems presented in a word from. 4. There will be an interaction effect on learners`` problem-solving performance on the CRT between the presentation form of problems and learners`` problems`` solvingabilities. 5. There will be an interaction effect on learners`` problem-solving performance on the CRT between the type of problems and the presentation form of problems. 6. There will be an interaction effect on learners`` problem-solving performance on the CRT among the type of problems, the presentation form of problems, and learners`` problem-solving abilities. In order to test these hypotheses, an experimental study was conducted. The study employed a factorial experimental design with repeated measurements on the type of problems, the presentation form of problems, and a learner``s problem-solving ability. The subjects of the study were 138 sixth grade students enrolled in three elementary schools. At the beginning of the study, a test on problem-solving ability test was administered to the students. On the basis of the test scores, the students were devided into the high-level group or the low-level group. Both groups of students went through three versions of problem-solving performance tests. Each tests included the two types of problems (i. e., complex translation problems and process problems ) and the three presentation forms of problems (i. e., word, pictorial and heuristics forms ). Then, the students`` problem solving performance was assessed again by the test. for each school, the experiment was conducted once a week over three weeks . The data were analyzed on the basis of aanalys is of variance with repeated measurement. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. The students`` problem-solving abilities affected their problem-solving performance on the CRT, 2. The type of problems affected the students`` problem-solving performance on the CRT.3. The presentation form of problems on the CRT affected the student``s problem-solving performance. 4. There was not a significant interaction effect on the students`` problem-solving performance on the CRT between the presentation form of problems and the students``s problem-solving abilities. 5. There was not a significant interaction effect on the students`` problem-solving performance on the CRT between by type of problems and the presentation form of problem. 6. There was not a significant interaction effect on the students`` problem-solving performance on the CRT among the type of problems, the presentation form of problems, and the students`` problem-solving abilities. In conclusion, these findings indicate that problem-solving activities in schools should Employ various types and presentation forms of problems, and include both general and specific problem-solving strategies for the development of students`` problem solving abilities. The focus of future studies on problem-solving need to be directed to the development of suitable design principles, that can be applied to the teaching and learning of problem-solving. Especially, the massive influx of microcomputers in schools is inevitable for the teaching and learning of problem-solving. Therefore, it is recommendable to conduct continuous research on the design strategies of CAI programs for problem-solving.