윤리적인 동물 실험의 철학적 옹호 가능성 검토

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Today, people ask whether animal experimentation can be practiced ethically, but they do not ask whether this search for ethical animal experimentation methods is philosophically justifiable. The question of justification is a more fundamental and important point because without answering this, the former question is only a house built on quicksand. The purpose of this paper is to examine this fundamental question. First, I examine which position individuals leading animal ethics discussions (primarily animal welfarism and animal rights advocates) take on animal experimentation. Then, I examine whether their positions, as moral principles, are feasible and justifiable. I do this by examining John Rawls`s method of wide reflective equilibrium, which is an attempt to guarantee justification by producing coherence in an ordered three sets of beliefs: considered moral judgments, moral principles, and relevant background theories. This method is dynamic and progressive because a moral principle reaching a wide reflective equilibrium can also be revised or moderated through a new wide reflective equilibrium if new evidence or a new background theory surfaces. Through this method, I argue that animal experimentation is permissible only when it is necessary for protecting human rights and there is no substitute.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 레이 그릭, "탐욕과 오만의 동물실험" 다른세상 2005

2 목광수, "인권과 지구촌 정의관" 서울대 2002

3 김상득, "응용윤리학 방법론 연구: 반성적 평형의 방법과 임신 중절의 도덕성" 서울대 1996

4 최훈, "영장류 실험의 윤리와 가장자리 상황 논증" 한국과학철학회 12 (12): 125-153, 2009

5 피터 싱어, "실천윤리학" 철학과현실사 1991

6 최경석, "생명의료윤리를 위한 도덕적 추론으로서의 넓은 반성적 평형의 방법 in: 철학과 현실" 철학과현실사 2004

7 김명식, "반성적 평형과 동물의 지위" 한국환경철학회 (7) : 195-222, 2008

8 피터 싱어, "동물해방" 인간사랑 1999

9 김명식, "동물실험과 심의" 한국철학회 (92) : 231-256, 2007

10 추정완, "동물권 옹호론과 영장류 실험에 대한 윤리적 검토" 8 (8): 2007

11 최훈, "동물 신경 윤리: 동물 고통의 윤리적 의미" 한국생명윤리학회 10 (10): 49-61, 2009

12 Haslett, D.W., "What is Wrong with Reflective Equilibrium?" 37 : 1987

13 Regan, Tom, "The Case for Animal Rights (2nd Edition)" University of California Press 2004

14 Nielsen, Kai, "Searching for an Emancipatory Perspective: Wide Reflective Equilibrium and the Hermeneutical Circle in Antifoundationalism and Practical Reasoning" Academic Printing and Publishing Co. 1987

15 Little, Daniel, "Reflective Equilibrium and Justification" 1984

16 Russell, W., "Principle of Humane Animal Experimentation" Charles C. Thomas 1959

17 Rawls, John, "Outline for a Decision Procedure in Ethics" 60 : 1951

18 Frey, R.G., "Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism in Ethics in Practice" Blackwell publis 1997

19 Brink, D.O., "Moral Realism and the Foundation of Ethics" Cambridge University Press 1989

20 Daniels, Norman, "Justice and Justification: Reflective Equilbrium in Theory and Practice" Cambridge University Press 1996

21 Dombrowski, Daniel A., "Is the Argument from Marginal Cases Obtuse?" 23 (23): 2006

22 LaFollette, Hugh, "Introduction in he Oxford Handbook of Practical Philosophy" Oxford University Press 2005

23 Nussbaum, Martha, "Beyond ‘Compassion and Humanity’, in Animal Rights" Oxford University Press 2004

24 Frey, R.G., "Animals in The Oxford Handbook of Practical Philosophy" Oxford University Press 2005

25 Mark, Rowlands, "Animals Like Us" Verso 2002

26 Rowlands, Mark, "Animals Like Us" Verso 2002

27 Anderson, Elizabeth, "Animal Rights and the Values of Nonhuman Life, in Animal Rights" Oxford University Press 2004

28 Cochrane, Alasdair, "Animal Rights and Animal Experiments: An Interests-based Approach" 13 : 2007

29 Fellenz, Marc, "Animal Experiments in Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics Vol.1"

30 Regan, Tom, "An examination and defense of one argument concerning animal rights" 22 : 1979

31 Bentham, Jeremy, "An Introduction to the Principles of Moral and Legislation"

32 Rawls, John, "A Theory of Justice (Revisited Edition)" Harvard University Press 1999