1 이승은, "토니 모리슨" 평민사 1999
2 Henderson, Mae G, "Toni Morrison's Beloved: Re-membering the Body and Historical Text in Comparative American Identities: Race, Sex, and Nationality in the Modern Text" Routledge 62-86, 1991
3 Matus, Jill, "Toni Morrison" Manchester UP 1998
4 Fanon, Frantz, "The Wretched of the Earth" Grove Weidenfeld 1963
5 Ashcroft, Bill, "The Post-Colonial Studies Reader" Routledge 1995
6 Bhabha,Homi K, "The Location of Culture" Routledge 1994
7 Ashcroft, Bill, "The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures" Routledge 1989
8 McClintock, Anne, "The Angel of Progress: Pitfalls of the Term ‘Post- colonialism’ in Colonial Discourse and Postcolonial Theory: a Reader" Columbia UP 291-304, 1994
9 Jones, Carolyn M, "Sula and Beloved: Images of Cain in the Novels of Toni Morrison" 27 (27): 618-, 1993
10 Moore-Gilbert, Bart, "Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics" Verso 1997
1 이승은, "토니 모리슨" 평민사 1999
2 Henderson, Mae G, "Toni Morrison's Beloved: Re-membering the Body and Historical Text in Comparative American Identities: Race, Sex, and Nationality in the Modern Text" Routledge 62-86, 1991
3 Matus, Jill, "Toni Morrison" Manchester UP 1998
4 Fanon, Frantz, "The Wretched of the Earth" Grove Weidenfeld 1963
5 Ashcroft, Bill, "The Post-Colonial Studies Reader" Routledge 1995
6 Bhabha,Homi K, "The Location of Culture" Routledge 1994
7 Ashcroft, Bill, "The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures" Routledge 1989
8 McClintock, Anne, "The Angel of Progress: Pitfalls of the Term ‘Post- colonialism’ in Colonial Discourse and Postcolonial Theory: a Reader" Columbia UP 291-304, 1994
9 Jones, Carolyn M, "Sula and Beloved: Images of Cain in the Novels of Toni Morrison" 27 (27): 618-, 1993
10 Moore-Gilbert, Bart, "Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics" Verso 1997
11 Durrant, Sam, "Postcolonial Narrative and the Work of Mourning: J. M. Coetzee, Wilson Harris, and Toni Morrison" State U of New York P 79-109, 2004
12 Morrison, Toni, "Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination" Harvard UP 1992
13 Said, Edward W, "Orientalism" Vantage Books 1978
14 Gilroy, Paul, "Living Memory: a Meeting with Toni Morrison in Small Acts: Thoughts on the Politics of Black Cultures" Serpent's Tail 1993
15 Ashcroft, Bill, "Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies" Routledge 1998
16 Russell, Sandi, "It's OK to say OK in Critical Essays on Toni Morrison" G. K. Hall & Co 43-47, 1988
17 Lawrence, David, "Fleshly Ghosts and Ghostly Flesh: The Word and the Body in Beloved" 19 : 189-201, 1991
18 Rushdy, Ashraf H. A, "Daughters Signifyin(g) History: The Example of Toni Morrison's Beloved" 64 : 567-597, 1992
19 Taylor-Guthrie, Danille, "Conversations with Toni Morrison" UP of Mississippi 1994
20 Apter, Emily, "Continental Drift: from National Characters to Virtual Subjects" U of Chicago P 1999
21 Hutcheon, Linda, "Colonialism and the Postcolonial Condition: Complexities Abounding" 110 (110): 7-16, 1995
22 Morrison, Toni, "Beloved" Plume 1987
23 Childs, Peter, "An Introduction to Post-Colonial Theory" Longman 1997