현대 국어 말소리의 통시적 변화 : 1950년대 이후 방송 자료를 중심으로 = Diachronic study of sound changes in modern Korean : focused on the speech used in broadcasting from the 1950`s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to investigate sound changes in Modern Korean diachronically. Prior to this study, I analyzed phonetic data from announcers' speeches in broadcating by the method of experimental phonetics. It is generally accepted that Modern Korean begins from the end of the 19th century when Korea established relations with foreign countries. Therefore in order to investigate sound changes in Modern Korean, it is necessary to research phonetic data from the end of the 19th century. But phonetic data till the 1950's was insufficient to investigate and analyse the trend of sound changes. Furthermore it is also difficult to dstinguish whether speakers used standard Korean or not. Due to the abovementioned difficulties I had to limit the range of phonetic data from the 1950's to the 2000's.
In this paper, I investigated sound changes in Modern Korean with specific reference to changes in segments and prosody. In terms of changes in segments, I focused on the change in the value of segments, and in terms of changes in prosody, I focused on the changes in intonation and vowel length. As with the changes of segments, I concentrated on two aspects of consonantal change.; i) Alveolar fricative /ㅅ/ and /ㅆ/ followed by vowel /ㅣ/ are pronounced as alveolar not palatal, ii) affricate consonants /ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ/ are realized as alveolar not alveo-palatal or palatal.
As with the value of vowels, I investigated five aspects of vowel changes.; i) The vowel /ㅓ/ is similar to the pronunciation of the vowel /ㅗ/, ii) the long vowel /ㅓ:/ is pronounced similar to the sound of vowel /ㅡ/, iii) the vowel /ㅐ/ and /ㅔ/ gradually merging as one pronunciation, iv) is about whether the vowel /ㅚ/ and /ㅟ/ are simple vowels or not, v) is about whether the vowel /ㅖ/ which follows a consonant is a simple vowel or not.
In this paper I also investigated changes in intonation in terms of prosody. Changes in intonation were investigated according to the pattern of intonation in prosodic units, being accentual phrase and intonational phrase. But I distinguished the tone pattern of sentence-medial intonational phrase from the pattern of sentence-final intonational phrase, because the tone of sentence-final has a distinctive feature which distinguish the meaning of the sentence.
The most noticeable change among changes of intonation is the intonation of accentual phrase in news speech. In news speech, the RHLL pattern was used most frequently until the 1970's, but the initial rising tone has become weaker as time goes by, finally the RHLL pattern changes to the HHLL pattern in the 1980's. But the pattern of intonation in news program from the 1990's to the 2000's and talk shows-related programs is the LHLH pattern which is the same as the everyday speech.
As with the pattern of intonation in the intonational phrase, I found that the patterns of intonation are becoming more various in both the sentence-medial and the sentence-final intonational phrase.
Although announcers can distinguish between short and long vowels, but they have been confused with the vowel length since 1950's. It implies that the vowel length started to disappear before 1950's, with aspects of the vowel length being different according to the age of the speaker.
In this paper I also investigated the differences among different generations. As a result, I fiound that the younger generation cannot distinguish the long vowel from the short vowel as opposed to the older generation. It implies that distintion of the vowel length is in the process of disappearing. But the process is not the decreasing degree of distinction, but the decreasing number of words which can be distinguished in terms of the vowel length.
This study about diachronic sound changes in Modern Korean will give answers to a variety of questions which cannot be resolved. Furthermore, it also provides sources to the research on Korean language education, speech science like speech perception and speech production. Finally, the result of this study can guide us in the the process of revising the Standard Pronunciation of Korean.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 1. 서론 = 1
• 1.1 연구의 목적 = 1
• 1.2 선행 연구 검토 및 문제 제기 = 4
• 1.3 연구 대상 및 방법 = 10
• 2. 실험 방법 = 18
• 2.1 실험 자료 = 18
• 2.2 분석 대상 및 방법 = 25
• 3. 자음의 변화 = 41
• 3.1 모음 /ㅣ/에 선행하는 치경마찰음의 음가 = 42
• 3.1.1 비구개음으로 실현된 /시/ = 42
• 3.1.2 치경마찰음의 음가 변화 = 55
• 3.2 파찰음의 음가 = 60
• 3.2.1 비구개음으로 실현된 /ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅉ/ = 61
• 3.2.2 파찰음의 음가 변화 = 71
• 4. 모음의 변화 = 76
• 4.1 /ㅓ/의 음가 = 76
• 4.1.1 /ㅓ/의 변이음 = 76
• 4.1.2 모음 /ㅓ/의 음가 변화 = 87
• 4.2 장모음 /ㅓ:/의 음가 = 91
• 4.2.1 /ㅓ:/의 음가 = 91
• 4.2.2 /ㅓ:/의 음가 변화 = 100
• 4.3 /ㅐ/와 /ㅔ/의 융합 = 105
• 4.3.1 /ㅐ/와 /ㅔ/의 음가 = 106
• 4.3.2 /ㅐ/와 /ㅔ/의 융합 과정 = 111
• 4.4 /ㅚ/와 /ㅟ/의 음가 = 122
• 4.4.1 /ㅚ/와 /ㅟ/의 단모음 실현 여부 = 123
• 4.4.2 /ㅚ/와 /ㅟ/의 이중모음화 과정 = 135
• 4.5 자음 뒤 모음 /ㅖ/의 음가 = 139
• 4.5.1 /ㅖ/의 이중모음 실현 여부 = 139
• 4.5.2 /ㅖ/의 단모음화 과정 = 149
• 5. 운율의 변화 = 155
• 5.1 억양의 변화 = 159
• 5.1.1 강세구의 억양 = 159
• 5.1.2 억양구의 억양 = 176
• 5.1.3 문미 억양 = 190
• 5.1.3.1 평서문의 문미 억양 = 190
• 5.1.3.2 의문문의 문미 억양 = 193
• 5.2 음장의 변화 = 196
• 5.2.1 시대별 음장 실현 양상 = 197
• 5.2.2 세대별 음장 실현 양상 = 202
• 6. 결론 = 217
• 참고문헌 = 222
• ABSTRACT = 229