The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of forming North Korea air strategy through air campaign during the Korean War. For a three-dimensional analysis of air strategy, national policy and strategy, air power operation, and air power ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of forming North Korea air strategy through air campaign during the Korean War. For a three-dimensional analysis of air strategy, national policy and strategy, air power operation, and air power were analyzed. To overcome the limitations of limited data on North Korea, the air strategies of the United States, the Soviet Union, and China, the participating countries in the Korean War, were analyzed, and North Korea air strategy was extracted from them. This research process was a process of proving the claim that air power was the main military factor that determined the direction of victory in the Korean War, and it was understood that the political goals and military measures that North Korea considered while carrying out the war in the Korean War were closely related to air power.
The Soviet Union air strategy had a great influence on North Korea’s preparations for the Korean War. After World War II, the Soviet Union strengthened its tactical offensive capabilities, focusing on ground forces and tactical air forces in the Far East, where there was a high possibility of military victory. The United States placed importance on Western Europe due to its confidence in its strategic air force and lack of information about the Soviet Union, and deployed air power focused on defense in the Far East. North Korea recognized these loopholes in the United States and prepared for war with a focus on tactical air force to support ground forces.
As the war broke out, North Korea invaded the South at a rapid pace. The North Korean Air Force deployed air power in a way that the UN forces could not have predicted. It consisted mainly of single-engine aircraft and could operate on unpaved runways, and insufficient aircraft were supplied from the Soviet Union, which was outside the operational area of the UN Air Force. However, the North Korean Air Force failed to have a decisive influence on the operations of the UN forces due to its inability to intensively use its air power. The North Korean Air Force, which was trying to achieve its goal of invading the South through a short-term war, was not prepared defensively, and when the UN Air Force entered the war in earnest, the North Korean Air Force was destroyed to the point of annihilation.
As the Chinese military entered the war, the Korean War expanded into an international war between the communist camp and the UN camp. As the Soviet and Chinese air forces entered the war, the North Korea Air Force had the opportunity to grow into a modern air force. In the northwestern region of North Korea, the communist air force was able to secure regional air superiority. This entire area was called the ‘Mig Alley’. The air forces of North Korea and China attempted to expand air superiority by equipping air defense systems and restoring airfields in North Korea. The UN Air Force attempted to counter the numerical superiority of the Communist Air Force by improving its quality. Although the Communist Air Force was superior in numbers, the passive war intervention policy of the Soviet Union and China and the offensive use of air power by the UN Air Force forced the North Korea Air Force to use defensive air power.
As the ground war entered a lull due to the ceasefire negotiations, the Communist Air Force chose a policy of increasing air power while delaying the ceasefire talks. Information that communist forces were preparing for a long-term war made the U.S. government nervous. The U.S. government judged such a delayed war to be militarily disadvantageous and reviewed targets that could psychologically pressure the communist leadership. The UN Air Force took the risk of escalating the war and attempted to convey to the Communists that they intended to continue attacks. The UN Air Force demonstrated its will to continue strong military action by bombing power plants near the Yalu River and downtown Pyongyang. Moreover, the bombing of irrigation reservoirs near Pyongyang placed strong psychological pressure on the North Korean leadership. The division of the communist leadership caused by the UN Air Force's strategic bombing made it difficult for North Korea to operate its offensive air power. North Korea, which lacked skilled pilots and did not have sufficient runways, needed air defense capabilities. The latest interceptors were secured, anti-aircraft guns were intensively deployed, and an anti-aircraft strategy was pursued by operating an aircraft hunting group.