한국의 여성 기자는 왜 언론인이 되었을까?: 충족된 동기, 직무 스트레스와 직업 만족도의 관계를 중심으로 = A Study on the Effects of Korean Women Journalists’ Motivation, Met Motivation, and Job Stress on Job Satisfaction: Focusing on the Generation Gap

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 한국 여성 기자를 대상으로 기자직 지망 동기와 충족, 그리고 직무 스트레스와 직업 만족도의 관계를 분석했다. 선행연구를 토대로 기자직 지망 동기를 총 11개 문항으로 구성해 한국여성기자협회 소속 여성 기자 693명(응답율 47.5%)을 대상으로 설문조사를 벌인 결과, 동기의 유형은 ‘공익 기여’, ‘전문직 보상’, ‘기자직 업무 매력’ 등으로 구분되었다. 또한 경력과 무관하게 한국의 여성 기자가 기자직을 지망한 동기는 공익 기여, 기자직 업무 매력, 전문직 보상 등의 순서인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 한국 여성 기자의 직무 스트레스는 1) 과중한 업무 2) 온라인 환경 부담 3) 부당한 뉴스룸 문화 4) 동료 관계 부담 등의 순서로 나타났다. 직업 만족도와의 관계를 분석한 결과 동기 중에서는 공익 기여만이 정적 관계였다. 동기의 충족은 경력별로 차이를 보여 10년 이상 집단에서는 기자직 업무 매력과 전문직 보상의 충족이 만족도와 정적 관계를 보였으나, 10년 미만 집단에서는 공익 기여도 만족도와 정적인 관계였다. 직무 스트레스 요인 중에서는 ‘부정적 뉴스룸 문화’만이 직업 만족도와 부적 관계를 보였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined what motivates Korean women to enter the news business and to what extent they perceive as fulfilled their motivations to become professional journalists.Additionally, this study examined whether their perceptions of motivation fulfillment were associated with their levels of job stress and job satisfaction. Based on previous research, this study measured eleven items that motivated Korean women to become professional journalists and analyzed responses from a survey of members of the Korean Female Journalist Association, the most authoritative and representative organization of women journalists. Findings of this study identified three types of motivation: public interest, social recognition, and attractiveness of the work. Regardless of their generation, the most important motivation for being journalists was “public interest.” However, among the three types of motivation, only social recognition and attractiveness of the work were found to be positively associated with women journalists’ job satisfaction. Among four types of job stress – workload, online environment, newsroom culture, and colleague relations – Korean women journalists were the most stressed by their workloads. Only the newsroom culture was significantly and negatively associated with their job satisfaction. In other words, the more Korean women journalists were stressed by their workloads within a negative newsroom culture, the less they were satisfied with their jobs.

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