Women's sports : what everyone needs to know

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Figure and Tables = xiii
• Acknowledgments = xv
• Abbreviations = xvii
• 1 Why Women's Sport Matters = 1
• Why does sport matter? = 1
• Why does girls' and women's sport matter? = 2
• What counts as a sport? = 5
• Case study : Is cheerleading a sport? = 6
• 2 A Brief History of Women's Sport = 10
• How long have women played sport? = 10
• What marked the beginning of the modern age of sport and what did it mean for women? = 13
• What were the medical rationales for keeping women out of sport? = 17
• What were the aesthetic rationales for keeping women out of sport? = 19
• What were the social rationales for keeping women out of sport? = 20
• Were the 1920s the "golden age of sport"? = 21
• What were industrial leagues? = 21
• How did the history of racial and ethnic segregation and oppression affect sport for American girls and women? = 23
• When and how did physical educators change their collective philosophy about competitive sport for girls and women? = 27
• 3 The Influence of Title Ⅸ = 29
• What is Title Ⅸ? = 29
• How has Title Ⅸ influenced girls' and women's participation in sport? = 30
• How do athletic programs comply with Title Ⅸ? = 33
• If athletic departments do not directly receive federal funding, are they exempt from Title Ⅸ? = 34
• Is Title Ⅸ to blame when athletic departments cut men's programs? = 35
• What is gender equity? = 36
• Do we still need Title Ⅸ, as it applies to athletics? = 37
• How does Title Ⅸ apply to cases of sexual harassment and sexual violence? = 37
• 4 Gender and Sport = 41
• Do the terms "sex" and "gender" mean the same thing? = 41
• How does gender affect girls' and women's participation in sport? = 42
• What are some examples of gendered differences in sport? = 44
• How do uniforms express gender differences in men's and women's sport? = 46
• What is the feminine apologetic? = 48
• Is muscularity a gendered characteristic? = 49
• 5 Sexualities and Sport = 53
• What were the historical concerns about women's sexuality in sport? = 53
• Does "sex sell" women's sport? = 54
• What is the Lingerie Football League? = 57
• What is homophobia? = 58
• What are some of the ways that homophobia affects women's sport? = 60
• Are there sports opportunities organized specifically for LGBTQ athletes? = 63
• Are things getting better for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and queer athletes? = 64
• 6 Sex Segregation = 66
• Why do we segregate sport on the basis of sex? = 66
• Should we segregate sport according to sex? = 68
• Are women closing the "muscle gap" in sport? = 70
• What are some examples of sex-integrated sport? = 71
• Why do girls and women play softball while boys and men play baseball? = 73
• Is there really any such thing as "throwing like a girl"? = 75
• Does Title IX permit girls and women to play on boys' and men's teams? = 76
• Does Title IX permit boys and men to play on girls' and women's teams? = 77
• What are "sex tests" In women's sport? = 78
• What is hyperandrogenism? = 81
• What policies do organizations follow with regard to transgender athletes? = 83
• 7 The Olympic and Paralympic Games = 87
• How is the Olympic Movement organized and what role do women play in its organization? = 87
• How long have women been competing in the Olympic Games? = 90
• What Olympic sports have been the most difficult for women to gain access? = 91
• Do women compete in the same Olympic sports as men? = 96
• Are there any negative consequences to adding new sports and events to the Olympic program? = 98
• Do all National Olympic Committees send female athletes to the Games? = 99
• What are the Paralympic Games? = 101
• How is the Paralympic Movement organized and what role do women play in the organization? = 103
• Do men and women compete equally at the Paralympic Games? = 104
• Do all National Paralympic Committees send female athletes to the Games? = 106
• Do the Paralympic Games receive the same amount of media coverage as the Olympic Games? = 106
• 8 Women, Sport, and the Media = 109
• Do male and female athletes receive the same amount of coverage in sport media? = 109
• Isn't this difference in coverage based on consumer interest? = 110
• How does the coverage of women's sport differ from the coverage of men's sport? = 111
• Are sportswomen of color treated differently in sport media? = 114
• Are Muslim women treated differently In sport media? = 118
• Are there any significant themes that emerge in the media coverage of parasport or female athletes with impairments? = 119
• Has new and electronic media changed the coverage of women's sport? = 121
• What is the status of women in sport journalism? = 122
• What types of challenges do women sport journalists face? = 123
• Are women journalists allowed in men's locker rooms? = 126
• 9 Professional Opportunities = 129
• What is the status of women in coaching positions? = 129
• What is the status of women in other positions of authority in sport? = 132
• Are there any professional sports in which women earn the same amount of money as men? = 135
• In what sports are pay disparities between men and women athletes the widest? = 137
• How do the WNBA and other professional women's leagues survive? = 141
• Why aren't women's professional sports more successful? = 144
• 10 The Sport-Health Connection = 146
• Is sport healthy? = 146
• Do female athletes have health concerns that are different from those of male athletes? = 148
• Does menstruation influence women's sport participation? = 150
• What is the female athlete triad? = 151
• In what sports are female athletes most susceptible to disordered eating patterns? = 152
• Is it OK to compete in sport while pregnant? = 153
• What performance-enhancing drugs do women use and what are the effects? = 155
• Does sport put girls and women at risk for sexual violence? = 160
• There is a lot in the news concerning sexual abuse scandals in sport : Is this anew phenomenon? = 163
• What is being done to address and prevent sexual abuse in sport? = 166
• 11 Moving On = 169
• If sport provides so many benefits, why don't all girls and women participate? = 169
• Are there any places where it is illegal for women to play sport? = 171
• Is sport a human right? = 173
• What is Sport for Development and Peace? = 175
• Are things getting better for girls and women in sport? = 177
• Notes = 181
• Bibliography = 211
• Index = 239