아임계수를 이용한 사과 과피 플라보노이드의 효율적 추출 및 항산화 활성 평가 = Efficient Flavonoid Extraction from Apple Peel by Subcritical Water and Estimation of Antioxidant Activity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The effect of subcritical water for the extraction of total polyphenols and flavonoids from apple peel was investigated,and then the antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated. Maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds(36.4±1.9mg quercetin equivalent(QE)/g dried material) and flavonoids(9.9±0.8 ㎎ QE/g dried material) were obtained by subcritical water extraction(SWE) with operating conditions of 190℃, 1,300 psi, and 20 min. Furthermore, the highest antioxidant activity(76.1±1.1%) was observed in the extract obtained from SWE using the same conditions. The flavonoids from the SWE of apple peel were compared to three conventional extraction methods in terms of their extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity. The SWE was significantly more effective than hot water (90℃), methanol, and ethanol extraction for flavonoid yield by 4.7-, 2.2-, and 1.3-fold, respectively, and for antioxidant activity by 11.0-, 4.9, and 2.8-fold, respectively.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Balasinska B, "Total antioxidative activity of evening primrose(Oenothera paradoxa) cake extract measured in vitro by liposome model and murine L1210 cells" 46 : 3558-3563, 1998

2 Ra YJ, "Supercritical fluid extraction of catechin compounds from green tea" 16 : 327-331, 2001

3 Ko MJ, "Subcritical water extraction of flavonol quercetin from onion skin" ELSEVIER SCI LTD 102 : 327-333, 2011

4 Alonso-Salces RM, "Pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of polyphenols in apple" 933 : 37-43, 2001

5 Pierpoint WS, "Plant Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine, Biochemical, Pharmacological and Structure-Activity Relationship" Alan R. Liss, Inc 125-140, 1986

6 Andersson T, "Parameters affecting the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with pressurised hot water" Uni. of Helsinki 2007

7 Lide DR, "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press 2005

8 Smith RM, "Extractions with superheated water" 975 : 31-46, 2002

9 Duh PD, "Extraction and identification of an antioxidant component from peanut hull" 69 : 818-819, 1992

10 MAF, "Director-general of investment evaluation and statistics bureau. Agricultural & forestry statistical yearbook"

11 Ramos L, "Current use of pressurised liquid extraction and subcritical water extraction in environmental analysis" 975 : 3-29, 2002

12 Pawliszyn J, "Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Sampling and Sample Preparation for Field and Laboratory" Elsevier Science BV 255-257, 2002

13 Moreno MIN, "Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several region of Argentina" 71 : 109-114, 2000

14 Whang HJ, "Changes of phenolic compounds in Korean apple (fuji) during maturation" 12 : 364-369, 1999

15 박민경, "Cellulase와 Pectinase를 이용한 사과껍질 폴리페놀 추출 및 항산화 활성 평가" 한국식품영양과학회 38 (38): 535-540, 2009

16 Boyer J, "Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits" 3 : 1-15, 2004

17 Kondo S, "Antioxidative activity of apple skin or flesh extracts associated with fruit development of selected apples cultivars" 96 : 177-185., 2002

18 Blois MS, "Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical" 181 : 1198-1200, 1958

19 Schieber A, "A new process for the combined recovery of pectin and phenolic compounds from apple pomace" 4 : 99-107, 2003