논에서 콩(청자 5호) 재배 시 풋거름 시용 효과

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국 문 초 록

우리나라에서는 쌀의 수요가 줄어 논의 경지이용률이 1975년에서 2019년까지 33.2% 감소하였고, 이에 논에서 벼에 대한 대체작물이 필요하게 되었다. 또한 우리나라 국민들의 소득수준이 높아짐에 따라 건강하고 안전한 농산물에 대한 요구도 늘고 있다. 콩은 정부에서 벼 대체작물로 2001년부터 논농업직불제를 실시하여 벼 대체작물로 장려하고 있지만 여전히 자급률은 26.7%로 낮은 현실이다. 현재 정부에서는 콩의 자급률을 높이고 논에서 벼 대체작물을 찾고자 하고 국민들은 지속가능하고 친환경적인 농업생산물을 원하고 있다. 이를 충족하기 위해 논에서 친환경적인 콩 재배 연구와 풋거름을 이용한 연구가 다양하게 진행되었으나 지금까지는 장류(醬類)콩을 대상으로 한 연구가 대부분으로 밥밑콩에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 논에서 밥밑콩인 ‘청자 5호’에 대한 풋거름작물의 시용효과를 조사하였다.
본 시험은 2020년도에 수행되었으며, 시험처리는 10a 기준, 표준시용구(우분퇴비 1,200kg + 화학비료 3요소)를 대조구로, 풋거름시용구(헤어리베치 250kg + 풋거름보리 250kg + 화학비료 3요소), 화학비료 3요소 시용구, 무시용구 처리를 하였으며, 화학비료 3요소는 질소(N), 인산(P2O5), 칼리(K2O)를 표준시용량(3-3-3.2 kg)으로 시용하였다. 시험 처리 후 재배 기간 경과에 따라 식물 생육 및 수량, 토양이화학성, 경제성 등을 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다.
풋거름시용구 콩의 생육량은 대조구인 표준시용구보다 증가하였고, 양분흡수이용률(질소, 인산, 칼리)은 풋거름시용구가 대조구에 비하여 파종 후 30, 60, 90일 모두에서 높았는데, 특히 90일의 질소흡수이용률은 풋거름시용구가 56.7%였고 대조구는 23.9%였다. 시험 후 토양의 화학성분 중 치환성칼슘 함량은 풋거름시용구에서 대조구에 비하여 많았으나, 질산태질소, 유효인산 등은 대조구에서 더 많았다. 토양의 용적밀도와 공극률은 풋거름시용구와 대조구는 차이가 거의 없었으나, 용적밀도는 풋거름시용구가 화학비료시용구와 무시용구보다는 낮았고, 공극률은 높았다. 풋거름시용구의 콩 수량은 대조구에 비해 3% 증가하였으나, 화학비료시용구에서는 3% 감소하였다. 식물체의 건물중과 양분 중 칼리와 칼슘 함량과는 높은 정의 상관이 있었고, 콩 수량과는 정의 상관이 있었다. 풋거름시용구에서 얻은 이익은 대조구에 비해 10a당 102천원의 경제적 이익이 발생하였다.
이상의 결과로 보아 논에서 풋거름을 시용하여 콩 재배 시 토양 물리성 개선, 수량 증가 등 효과가 개선되었다. 본시험은 단용에 의한 결과이며 향후 더 많은 효과를 위해서 장기연용, 배수관리, 장기적인 토양 관리 연구 등을 수행할 경우 효과는 더욱 좋을 것으로 예상된다.

주요어: 콩(청자5호), 벼 대체작물, 풋거름시용, 질소흡수이용률

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT

Demand for domestic rice is continuously decreasing, and thus, there is a need for alternative crops to rice in paddy fields. In addition, Koreans are demanding healthy and safe agricultural products. Although soybeans are being promoted by the government as a substitute for rice, the reality is that the self-sufficiency rate is still low. The self-sufficiency rate of soybeans, a crop that can replace rice in paddy fields, needs to be increased, and the people want sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural products. To satisfy this, various researches on eco-friendly soybean cultivation have been conducted in paddy fields, but so far, most studies have been conducted on soybeans, and there are few studies on rice-cooked beans. Therefore, this study investigated the application effect of green manure crops on 'Cheongja5ho', a sub-cooked bean in paddy fields. Test treatment (based on 10a) is a control group, standard application (1200 kg of cow compost + 3 elements of chemical fertilizer), green manure application (250 kg of hairy vetch + 250 kg of green manure barley + 3 elements of chemical fertilizer), application of chemical fertilizer 3 elements and none fertilizer. After the test treatment, plant growth and yield, soil physicochemical properties, economic feasibility, etc. were investigated according to the lapse of the cultivation period, and the results are as follows. Soybean growth rate was higher in the green manure application than in the control group, and the nutrient absorption and utilization rates (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium) were higher in the green manure application than in the control group at 30, 60, and 90 days after sowing, especially at 90 days. was 56.7% in the green manure application and 23.9% in the control group. After the test, among the chemical components of the soil, the content of substitutable calcium was higher in the green manure application than in the control group, but the nitrogen nitrate and effective phosphoric acid were higher in the control group. There was little difference in the bulk density and porosity of the soil between the green manure application and the control. Soybean yield increased by 3% in the green manure application compared to the control group. The economic benefit obtained by the green manure application was 102,000 won per 10a higher than that of the control group. As a result of the above results, when soybeans are grown by applying green manure in paddy fields, the effects of soil physical properties improvement and yield increase are improved. This test is the result of single use, and in order to obtain more effects in the future, studies such as long-term continuous use, soil management and soil drainage management are required, and the effect is expected to be even better.

Key words: Soybean(Cheongja 5ho), Rice substitute crop, Green manure application, Nitrogen absorption utilization rate

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문초록
• 목 차 ········································································································································· i
• LIST OF TABLES ·····················································································································ⅲ
• LIST OF FIGURES ·················································································································· vi
• 1. 서 언 ····································································································································· 1
• 2. 연구사 ·································································································································· 4
• 2.1. 풋거름작물의 효과 및 종류 ························································································ 4
• 2.2. 주요 풋거름 작물의 특징······························································································ 6
• 2.3. 논의 벼 대체 작물 ········································································································· 8
• 2.4. 논의 콩 재배 ···················································································································· 9
• 3. 재료 및 방법 ························································································································ 10
• 3.1. 공시재료 및 처리내용····································································································· 10
• 3.2. 생육 및 수량조사·············································································································· 14
• 3.3. 토양 이화학성 분석 ········································································································ 15
• 3.4. 식물체 화학성 분석·········································································································· 16
• 4. 결과 및 고찰 ························································································································· 17
• 4.1. 콩 재배지 기상환경 ········································································································· 17
• 4.2. 풋거름 시용에 의한 생육 특성 ····················································································· 19
• 4.3. 풋거름의 비료성분 이용 평가 ······················································································· 29
• 4.4. 생육 특성 요인과 식물체 무기성분과의 상관관계 ················································· 37
• 4.5. 풋거름 시용 후 토양환경 ······························································································· 43
• 4.6. 콩 수량구성요소 및 수량 ······························································································· 48
• 4.7. 콩 수량과 식물체 건물중과의 상관관계 ···································································· 50
• 4.8. 풋거름 이용 콩 재배 시 경제성 ···················································································· 51
• 5. 결론 ·········································································································································· 53
• 6. 인용 문헌 ································································································································ 55
• ABSTRACT ···································································································································· 61 
• LIST OF TABLES
• Table 1. Chemical properties of the soil used in the experiment ····· 10
• Table 2. Physical properties of the soil used in the experiment ······ 11
• Table 3. Application rates of organic fertilizers and chemical
• fertilizers ··················································································································· 12
• Table 4. Properties of by product fertilizers used in the
• Experiment ·············································································································· 13
• Table 5 Growth characteristics of soybean plant ································· 20
• Table 6. Changes of root length of soybean plant ······························ 22
• Table 7. Changes of fresh weight of rhizobium in soybean pant ······· 24
• Table 8. Yield components and of soybean ···················································· 49
• Table 9. Analysis of economic feasibility when applying green
• Manure ·························································································································· 52
• LIST OF FIGURES
• Fig. 1. Change of average temperatures during soybean cultivation in
• 2020 ··················································································································· 17
• Fig. 2. Change of precipitation during soybean cultivation in 2020 ···· 18
• Fig. 3. Packing growth pictures of soybean plant at 30 DAS ·················· 21
• Fig. 4. Growth of soybean plant at 30 DAS ················································· 21
• Fig. 5. SPAD value of soybean leaves at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and 90 DAS
• ·········································································································································· 25
• Fig. 6. Water content of soybean plant at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and 90
• DAS ························································································································· 26
• Fig. 7. Dry weight of soybean plant at 30DAS, 60 DAS and 90 DAS
• ·········································································································································· 28
• Fig. 8. Changes of nitrogen contents in plant during soybean
• cultivation ················································································································ 30
• Fig. 9. Changes of nitrogen utilization rates by soybean plant ······· 31
• Fig. 10. Changes of phosphorus contents in plant during soybean cultivation ············································································································ 32
• Fig. 11. Changes of phosphorus utilization rates by soybean plant ································································································································ 33
• Fig. 12. Changes of potash contents in plant during soybean cultivation
• ········································································································································· 34
• Fig. 13. Changes of potash utilization rates by soybean plant ············ 35
• Fig. 14. Changes of Ca contents in plant during soybean cultivation
• ········································································································································ 36
• Fig. 15. Relationships between SPAD of soybean leaves and nitrogen content of soybean plant at 30 DAS, 60DAS and 90 DAS ········· 38
• Fig. 16. Relationships between nitrogen content and dry weight of soybean
• plan ································································································································ 39
• Fig. 17. Relationships between phosphate content and dry weight of soybean
• plant ····························································································································· 40
• Fig. 18. Relationships between potash content and dry weight of soybean
• plant ······························································································································ 41
• Fig. 19. Relationships between Ca content and dry weight of soybean
• plant ························································································································· 42
• Fig. 20. Changes of organic matter and nitrate contents in soil during
• soybean cultivation ······························································································· 44
• Fig. 21. Changes of available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium
• concentration of soil in soybean fields ····················································· 45
• Fig. 22. Exchangeable calcium content of soil in soybean cultivated
• fields ····························································································································· 46
• Fig. 23. Bulk density and porosity of the soil used for this experiment
• at 120 DAS ··············································································································· 47
• Fig. 24. Relationships between dry weight of soybean plants and yield at 30 DAS, 60DAS and 90 DAS ···································································· 50