다이아이소뷰틸 아디페이트(DiBA)와 호모살레이트(HMS)가 제브라피쉬의 갑상선 내분비계에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Diisobutyl Adipate (DiBA) and Homosalate (HMS) on the Thyroid Endocrine System of Zebrafish

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: Diisobutyl adipate (DiBA) is used as an emollient in personal care products, while homosalate (HMS) is a widely applied UV-B filter. Although both chemicals are frequently detected in the environment, studies on their endocrine-disrupting effects, particularly on the thyroid system, remain scarce.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the developmental toxicity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis disruption caused by DiBA and HMS, both individually and in combination, using zebrafish embryos and larvae.
Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed for 96 h to control, solvent control, DiBA (0.002~20 μM), HMS (0.0002~2 μM), and their mixtures. Embryo coagulation, hatching, malformations, and survival were monitored every 24 h. At 96 h, body length, body weight, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and HPT-related gene expression were analyzed.
Results: Significant body length reduction was observed in larvae exposed to DiBA 20 μM, HMS≥0.2 μM, and the mixture groups of DiBA 2 μM+HMS 2 μM and DiBA 20 μM+HMS 2 μM. DiBA exposure significantly increased T3, TSH, and deiodinase 2 expression. In contrast, HMS exposure elevated T3 and T4 but decreased TSH as well as tshβ and tshr expression, suggesting a different mode of thyroid disruption. Notably, co-exposure to DiBA and HMS induced more pronounced increases in T3 and TSH compared with single exposures.
Conclusions: DiBA and HMS, both commonly present in sunscreens, disrupt the thyroid endocrine system and impair growth in zebrafish larvae. Combined exposure resulted in stronger endocrine alterations than did individual treatments, underscoring the importance of considering mixture effects in thyroid- related risk assessment. Further studies are warranted to clarify their interactive mechanisms and ecological consequences.