적대적/온정적 성차별주의와 전제/민주방식의 여성지도자에 대한 평가 = Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and the Evaluation of the Autocratic vs. Democratic Female Leadership

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

An experiment was conducted to investigate whether the evaluation of a female leader with either autocratic or democratic leadership style would be affected in terms of the sex of the evaluator and the hostile and/or benevolent sexism of the evaluator. The evaluation of a female leader was measured on 3 aspects：relational aspects, competence, and the attitude toward the female leader. The results of the analyses regarding the evaluation on the relational aspects, such as warmth, acceptability and likability, and the attitudes toward the female leader were consistent with the prediction by the role congruity theory; the democratic female leader, whose behaviors were congruent with the expectation of female gender-role, was more highly evaluated than the autocratic female leader, whose behaviors were incongruent. This differential evaluations between the democratic and autocratic female leader were more conspicuous in male evaluators. The competence of a female leader tended to be more highly evaluated for the autocratic female leader than the democratic female leader, which was significant only for the female evaluators. The more the participants advocated the benevolent sexism, the more positively the female leader was evaluated on all aspects. This positive influence of the benevolent sexism was especially true when the female participants evaluated the attitudes toward the democratic leader. The more male and female evaluators advocated the hostile sexism, they evaluated the autocratic female leader as more competent than the democratic female leader. The results and the implications of the study were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

여성지도자에 대한 평가가 그녀의 전제적 혹은 민주적 리더십 행동 유형에 따라, 그리고 평가자가 지닌 적대적 및 온정적 성차별 태도에 따라 달라지는 지를 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생 참여자들에게 민주적 혹은 전제적 방식으로 행동하는 여성 지도자에 대한 스크립트를 제시하고 그에 대해 평가하도록 하였다. 여성지도자에 대한 평가는 관계적인 면과 능력적인 면, 그리고 의미미분척도를 통한 태도의 세 가지 측면에서 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 역할일치 이론이 예언하는 바와 같이 여성지도자의 따뜻함이나 수용도, 호감과 같은 관계적인 면의 평가나 여성지도자에 대한 태도는 그녀가 성역할에 일치하는 민주방식으로 지도할 때 성역할에 맞지 않는 전제방식으로 지도할 때보다 더 긍정적으로 평가받으며, 이런 반응은 특히 남자 평가자에서 두드러졌다. 한편, 여성 지도자에 대한 능력 평가에서는 전제적인 여성지도자가 민주적인 여성지도자보다 더 능력이 많은 것으로 평가되는 경향이 나타났으며 이러한 경향은 여자 평가자에게서만 유의미하게 나타났다. 또한, 여성에 대한 온정적인 성차별 태도를 지닐수록 여성지도자를 전반적으로 더 좋게 평가하였으며 이러한 온정적 성차별의 영향력은 특히 여자 평가자가 민주적인 여성지도자에 대한 태도를 평가할 때 두드러지게 나타났다. 마지막으로, 남녀 평가자가 여성에 대한 적대적인 성차별태도를 강하게 가질수록 전제적인 여성지도자를 민주적 여성지도자보다 더 능력이 높은 것으로 평가하였다. 연구의 결과와 함의가 논의되었다.

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