적대정치에서 합의정치로? = 블레어정부 이후 영국의 연금개혁에 관한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글에서는 2000년대 이후 영국에서 합의적 연금개혁을 가능하게 했던 힘이 무엇인지를 탐색한다. 다수제 정치제도를 가지고 있는 영국에서 전통적으로 연금개혁은 의회에서 다수를 점한 집권정부가 일방적으로 법안을 통과시키는 형태를 취했다. 이와 달리 2002년 시작되어 2012년 마무리된 연금개혁은 야당들과의, 그리고 다양한 이해당사자 및 일반대중과의 광범위한 협의(consultation) 과정을 거쳤다. 또, 입법이 진행되는 과정에서 노동당에서 보수-자민연립정부로 정권이 넘어갔음에도 불구하고 신정부가 구정부의 연금개혁안을 거의 그대로 인수하여 입법작업을 계속했다. 이로써 새로 만들어진 연금제도의 지속가능성도 높아졌다. 영국에서 이런 내구성 있는 합의적 연금개혁이 성공할 수 있었던 원인은 노동당의 안정적 집권이라는 권력자원을 기반으로 개혁의 주도자였던 총리실과 노동연금부가 연금위원회를 이용하여 만들어낸 권력관계라 할 수 있다. 총리실-노동연금부-연금위원회라는 개혁 주도세력은 연금위원회의 치밀한 작업과 민주적인 협의과정을 지렛대로 각각의 이유에서 개혁의 특정 요소들에 소극적인 행위자들, 즉 노조, 고용주를 견인하고, 가장 강한 반대자라 할 수 있는 소기업주와 재무부를 제압할 수 있는 권력관계를 만들어냈다. 이런 영국의 경험은 연금개혁의 결과를 좌우하는 것이 제도 그 자체이기 보다는 행위자들의 권력자원과 동태적인 권력관계임을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores what brought about a series of consensual pensions reform since the early 2000s in the UK. Traditionally, the pension reforms in the UK took the unilateral form that the ruling party designed and passed the related bills as it wanted. Generally it is said that the UK institutions (political as well as pension institutions) made such unilateral reforms possible. However the pensions reform that started in 2002 and have finished in 2012 went through a broad consultation process with the opposition parties, relevant stakeholders, and the general public. In addition, although the Labour government was replaced with the Conservative-Liberal coalition government in the way of the reform, the new government continued and completed it. By doing so, the sustainability of the new pension system increased. What made such consensual pension reform possible was the power relations that the Prime Minister and Department of Work and Pensions created using Pensions Commission as leverage. Such UK experiences suggests that the power resources of the main actors and their power relations rather than institutions themselves are more crucial in determining the process and results of pension reform.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 문제제기
• Ⅱ. 연구의 배경
• Ⅲ. 연금개혁의 정치-어떻게 합의적 개혁이 가능했나?
• Ⅳ. 토의와 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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