여성주의 시각에서 본 북한교과서의 민족국가 담론

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, I tried to analyze nation-state discourses and gender relations
represented by N. Korean official knowledge. To do so, I selected 4th grade
elementary school textbooks. They are Socialist Moral published in 1972 and,
1995, and Korean in 1987 and 1997. N. Korean Textbooks were not simply
gender-neutral in the national metaphor, the construction of a qualified/disqualified
national subject and the narrative for the “good” national subject and national
history. Rather they were characterized as contradictions and conflicts. For
instance, the family metaphor was quite often used to mention the nation-state to
signify a quite warm and equal organic unity. Yet it was quite patriarchical since
Il-sung Kim exercised an absolute power over the rest of the nation family. The
interesting point, however, is that caring was depicted as an excellent quality for
the top leader, unlike most Western narratives that see femininity as a
threatening force to masculinity. Regarding a qualified national subject, the official
knowledge strongly encouraged boys and girls to be aggressive socialist fighters.
However many women represented as the qualified national subject was a good
mother who devoted herself for her son. Moreover, gender stereotyped
representation tends to be stronger in the textbooks published after 1980s than
one in 1970s.