인지부하와 베타 주파수 분석을 이용한 거짓말 탐지 = Cognitive Load and EEG Beta Spectrum Analysis for Deception Detection

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 거짓말 탐지의 인지모델 이론에 근거하여 거짓말 생성에 따른 인지부하를 중추신경계 인지처리과정의 핵심적인 지표로 알려진 베타 주파수 분석을 통해 진실과 거짓 반응의 차이를 확인하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 20명의 남자 대학생(거짓집단 11명, 진실집단 9명)을 대상으로 3차원 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용한 모의범죄 시나리오와 인지부하를 차별화시킨 거짓말 탐지 질문 패러다임(사실과 같게 응답하는 '사실 반응조건', 사실과 다르게 응답하는 '사실 역반응조건')을 사용하여 거짓말에 따른 인지부하 정도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 거짓 집단의 경우, 범죄관련 질문에 대한 ‘사실 역반응조건’에서 베타 주파수의 절대파워가 ‘사실 반응조건'보다 유의미하게 증가하였으며, 진실집단의 경우 질문 조건 간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 범죄행위에 대한 ‘사실 역반응 질문기법’을 이용하여 거짓말의 인지부하를 증가시킨 결과, 거짓 집단만이 인지적 노력의 지표로 알려진 베타 주파수의 활동이 활발하게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해, 거짓말에 수반되는 인지부하를 과학적인 방법으로 측정함으로써 거짓말의 인지처리과정에 관한 유용한 정보를 제공하며 거짓말 탐지의 타당성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between truthful and deceptive responses detecting cognitive load underlying the basis of the cognitive model of lie generation by cognitive processing of central nervous system by EEG beta spectrum analysis. To test this, 20 male university students (11 guilty participants, 9 innocents) answered the differentiation of deception-question paradigm manipulating cognitive load (instruction: truth response vs. truth-reverse response) and to perform the 3D simulated mock-crime scenario in this experiment. Results showed that guilty participants had higher beta power activity when they were instructed to answer as truth-reverse response than truth response for crime-relevant questions whereas innocents didn't. As results of increasing cognitive load underlying lie using a truth-reverse response to crime-relevant question, liars reacted with significantly greater beta power activity as an index of cognitive demand. These findings provide useful information and evidence of cognitive processing underlying deception by scientific measurement of cognitive load and also lead to a better validity of lie detection.

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