Media/impact : an introduction to mass media

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part One／Overview
• 1 Introduction to the Mass Media = 3
• The Communication Process = 6
• Understanding the Mass Media Industries: Four Key Themes = 8
• 1. The Media as a Business = 8
• 2. The Media and Communications Technology = 21
• 3. The Media and Government = 25
• 4. Media, Society, and Culture = 28
• How MEDIA／IMPACT Works = 29
• In Focus: Introduction to the Mass Media = 30
• Part Two／The Media Industries
• 2 The Newspaper Industry = 35
• Colonial Newspapers: Toward an Independent Press = 37
• The Zenger Trial = 39
• Women's Role as Colonial Publishers = 40
• The Revolutionary Partisan Press = 41
• Early 1800s: Newspapers Diversify as Their Audiences Grow = 44
• Frontier Journalism = 44
• Ethnic and Native American Newspapers = 45
• Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press = 46
• Toward Mass Readership: The Penny Press = 49
• Cooperative and For- Profit News Gathering = 49
• The Civil War Years: Accreditation and Photojournalism = 50
• Government Accreditation of Journalists = 50
• The Birth of Photojournalism = 52
• The Heyday of Newspapers = 53
• Competition Breeds Sensationalism = 54
• Yellow Journalism and the Spanish- American War = 56
• Jazz Journalism = 57
• Reporters' Evolving Role = 58
• Unionization Encourages Professionalism = 58
• War Reporting: Press Freedom Versus National Interest = 59
• Newspapers in the Television Era = 62
• The Revival of the Dissident Press = 63
• A Declining Readership = 64
• How Newspapers Work = 65
• The Newspaper Industry Today = 68
• National Newspapers = 69
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 70
• News Services = 72
• Syndicates = 73
• Facing the Future = 73
• In Focus: The Newspaper Industry = 77
• 3 The Magazine Industry = 79
• Colonial Competitors = 81
• The First National Mass Medium = 83
• Reaching New Readers = 84
• Women's Issues = 84
• Social Crusades = 85
• Fostering a Literary Tradition = 86
• Political Commentary = 88
• The Postal Act's Effects = 90
• The Muckrakers: Magazine Journalists Campaign for Change = 90
• Magazines in the First Half of the 20th Century = 93
• Harold Ross and The New Yorker = 93
• Henry Luce's Empire = 95
• Second Half of the 20th Century: Specialized Magazines = 98
• Types of Magazines = 99
• How Magazines Work = 100
• The Magazine Industry Today = 101
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 104
• Magazines Join Big Business = 108
• Facing the Future = 108
• In Focus: The Magazine Industry = 109
• 4 The Radio Industry = 111
• America's Second National Medium: How Radio Began = 113
• Radio's Pioneers = 114
• Government Becomes Involved = 117
• Independent Entrepreneurs = 118
• The Birth of Commercial Broadcasting = 119
• Expansion and Regulation = 120
• The Nation Tunes In = 123
• Radio's Golden Age = 125
• The Growth of Radio Networks = 129
• Radio in the TV Age = 131
• The FCC Recognizes FM = 131
• BMI Licenses Recordings = 132
• Formats Revolutionize Programming = 133
• Clock and Car Radios = 134
• Payola = 134
• How Radio Works = 135
• The Radio Industry Today = 136
• FM and AM = 137
• Deregulation = 137
• Ratings = 138
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 140
• Formats: Gordon McLendon's Legacy = 142
• Facing the Future = 145
• In Focus: The Radio Industry = 148
• 5 The Television Industry = 151
• How Television Began = 154
• Television's Pioneers = 155
• Replacing Radio = 157
• Television News = 158
• Entertainment Programming = 162
• Measuring the Audience = 167
• TV Grows Up = 169
• Newton Minow and TV's Conscience = 169
• A Time of Transition = 171
• Public Television = 174
• Maturing as a News Medium = 175
• HOW Television Works = 180
• The TV Industry Today = 181
• Station Ownership = 182
• The Networks' Role = 182
• Independents = 183
• Cable = 184
• Rapid Technological Changes = 186
• Ratings Accuracy: People Meters = 188
• Facing the Future = 189
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 190
• In Focus: The Television Industry = 192
• 6 The Movie Industry = 195
• Capturing Motion on Film: How Movies Began = 197
• American Movies Premiere = 199
• Early Films = 200
• The Studio System Is Born = 201
• The Movies Become Big Business = 204
• A Change of Scene = 204
• Block Booking = 205
• Rebels with a Cause: United Artists = 205
• Responding to Critics: Self-Regulation = 208
• Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies = 211
• The Rise of the Moguls: The Growth of the Studio System = 212
• The Golden Age and After = 214
• The End of an Era = 214
• How TV Changed the Movie Industry = 219
• The Movie Industry Today = 223
• How the Movie Industry Works = 224
• Ancillary Rights = 225
• Technology = 227
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 228
• Facing the Future = 231
• In Focus: The Movie Industry = 236
• 7 The Recording Industry = 239
• Edison's Amazing Talking Machine: How Records Began = 240
• Hi-Fi and Stereo Rock In = 244
• How the Recording Industry Works = 246
• The Recording Industry Today = 247
• Money Matters = 249
• Moral Matters = 251
• Facing the Future = 257
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 238
• In Focus: The Recording Industry = 260
• 8 The Book Publishing Industry = 363
• Colonial Days: How American Book Publishing Began = 265
• Reaching a Wider Audience = 266
• Political Pamphlets = 267
• Novels = 267
• Poetry = 269
• Humor = 270
• International Copyright Law of 1891 = 270
• Publishing Houses = 271
• Compulsory Education = 272
• The Twentieth Century: Creating a Mass Market = 272
• Book Clubs = 272
• Paperbacking America = 273
• Testing Censorship = 275
• How Book Publishing Works = 275
• The Publishing Industry Today = 277
• Types of Books = 278
• Book Publishing Consolidates = 280
• Demand for Higher Profits = 281
• Small Presses = 284
• INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT = 286
• Facing the Future = 288
• In Focus: The Book Publishing Industry = 291
• Part Three／Support Industries
• 9 Advertising = 295
• Paying for Our Pleasures: Advertising and the Media = 296
• How Ads Began = 296
• Newspaper Advertising = 297
• Magazine Advertising = 299
• Radio Advertising = 300
• Television Advertising = 300
• How Advertisements Work = 301
• Common Characteristics = 302
• Grabbing Attention = 304
• The Psychology of Ads = 305
• Criticism of Advertising = 307
• How Ad Agencies Work = 310
• The Advertising Industry Today = 312
• TV Commercials = 312
• Other Media = 314
• Local Advertising = 318
• Advertising Regulation = 320
• Facing the Future = 321
• In Focus: Advertising = 323
• 10 Public Relations = 325
• Origins and Growth of Public Relations = 326
• Development of Ethics Codes = 329
• How Public Relations Works = 331
• Financial Public Relations = 331
• Product Public Relations = 332
• Crisis Public Relations = 332
• PR Agencies Today = 337
• Types of Clients = 340
• The PR Job = 343
• Public Relations and the Media = 344
• Facing the Future = 348
• In Focus: Public Relations = 348
• Part Four／Issues and Effects
• 11 Ownership Issues and Press Performance Issues = 353
• Ownership Issues = 354
• Why Media Properties Are Selling = 357
• Advantages of Concentration = 358
• Disadvantages of Concentration = 359
• Press Performance Issues = 362
• Today's journalists = 362
• News Values = 365
• The Public and the Press = 369
• Understanding Ownership and Press Performance = 373
• In Focus: Ownership Issues and Press Performance Issues = 374
• 12 Media Effects = 375
• Assessing the Impact: Media Studies = 376
• The Payne Fund Studies = 378
• The Cantril Study = 378
• The Lasswell Model = 378
• Studies of Television = 379
• The Media and National Politics = 382
• The Fireside Chats = 382
• The People's Choice = 383
• The Unseeing Eye = 384
• Some Ideas for Future Research = 389
• Spiral of Silence = 390
• Children's Viewing Habits = 390
• Stereotyping = 391
• No Sense of Place = 392
• Understanding Media Effects = 394
• In Focus: Media Effects = 396
• 13 Legal and Regulatory Issues = 399
• Freedom of the Press = 400
• Government Attempts to Restrict Press Freedom = 401
• The Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798 = 401
• The Espionage Act of 1918 = 401
• The Smith Act of 1940 = 402
• HUAC and the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations = 403
• Prior Restraint = 403
• Near v. Minnesota = 405
• The Pentagon Papers = 405
• The Progressive Case = 406
• Grenada = 407
• News Blackouts andPress Pools = 408
• Censorship = 412
• Local Efforts = 413
• National Efforts = 415
• Libel Law = 419
• The Sullivan Case = 420
• Charges and Defenses for Libel = 422
• Today's Libel Laws and the Meaia = 423
• Privacy Law = 426
• Physical or Mental Solitude = 426
• Embarrassing Personal Facts = 427
• False Light = 427
• Right of Publicity = 428
• Fair Trial and Right of Access = 429
• Fair Trial = 429
• Courtroom Access = 430
• Government Regulation = 430
• Broadcast Regulation = 431
• Broadcast Deregulation and Re- Regulation = 434
• Advertising and Public Relations Law and Regulation = 435
• In Focus: Legal and Regulatory Issues = 438
• 14 Ethical Practices = 441
• Defining Ethical Dilemmas = 443
• Truthfulness = 443
• Fairness = 445
• Privacy = 450
• Responsibility = 453
• Philosophical Principles = 456
• How the Media Define Ethics = 457
• Codes of Ethics = 459
• Three Responses to Criticism = 461
• The Importance of Professional Ethics = 465
• In Focus: Ethical Practices = 465
• 15 Global Media = 467
• World Media Systems = 469
• Western Europe and Canada = 469
• Eastern Europe = 472
• Middle East and North Africa = 475
• Africa = 476
• Asia and the Pacific = 478
• Latin America and the Caribbean = 481
• News and Information Flow = 482
• New World Information and Communications Order = 483
• UNESCO's 1978 Declaration = 484
• The MacBride Report = 484
• The New Global Media Marketplace = 485
• In Focus: Global Media = 490