A Century of Global Management

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The 20th century was a period of significant development in the field of management studies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the global management practices that were spearheaded by the United States, tracing the historical birth, background, and evolution of management studies throughout the century. The following research conclusions can be drawn: Firstly, management is heavily influenced by its surrounding environment. The global management processes of the past century were shaped by factors such as war, technological advancements, changes in business models, and climate change, as well as the preferences and actions of influential figures in positions of power. Secondly, the essence of management is uncertainty. It is a complex and universal concept, with no fixed criteria for what constitutes successful management. Instead, it presents ongoing and ever-evolving challenges. Thirdly, the effectiveness of management determines its longevity. Those management practices that are closely tied to major historical forces tend to endure for longer periods of time. In summary, from the beginning of management science focusing on production, rules, and efficiency to the later increasing discovery of the importance of organization, people, and the environment, management in each period has its value. Whether it comes from the philosophy of military and war or from the philosophy of the collision of Eastern and Western cultures, it continually evolves and adapts to its surroundings, driving progress in human society and exerting a profound influence on global politics, the economy, social life, and the well-being of all individuals.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• Ⅰ. Birth of Management
• II. Management Process
• 1. 1900~1920 Efficiency and Modern Era
• 2. 1921~1940 Organization and Human Nature
• 3. 1941~1960 War and Postwar
• 4. 1961~1980 Military Strategy and Hundreds Flowers Bloom
• 5. 1981~2000 Constantly Strive for Perfection and Power Balance
• 6. From Knowledge Management to ESG after 2000
• 7. Management Trends
• III. Conclusion
• Reference