With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the demand for low- power and high-speed interface technologies has grown significantly. To address this need, Chiplet-based packaging has emerged as a promising solution, making efficient and hig...
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the demand for low- power and high-speed interface technologies has grown significantly. To address this need, Chiplet-based packaging has emerged as a promising solution, making efficient and high-speed die-to-die communication increasingly important. Existing die-to-die communication standards are primarily based on NRZ signaling, as used in DRAM interfaces, and numerous efforts have been made to increase I/O bandwidth. Among these approaches, multi-level signaling such as PAM4 is essential for high-speed interfaces. However, with continued technology scaling, the advantages gained are offset by reduced supply voltages, which exacerbate headroom limitations. This paper presents a time-based transceiver targeted for short-reach die- to-die communication over silicon interposer or similar high-density interconnect to overcome this issue. The time-based transmitter sends edge encoded data through a small on-chip capacitor to inject low-swing pulses into the line. These pulses are amplified and latched by an analog-front-end (AFE), where the 1st-stage transimpedance amplifier (TIA) amplifies the pulse data and continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) compensates for the channel response. Achieving low signal swing through a capacitor divider, the inverter- based driver consumes less than half the power compared to regular rail-to- rail CMOS drivers. Fabricated in a 28-nm standard CMOS process, the time- based link, operating on a 0.75-V supply, shows 48 Gb/s/wire over a 1.5-mm on-chip channel and demonstrates an energy efficiency of 0.3 pJ/bit. Compared with conventional voltage-level signaling, the proposed structure demonstrates improved robustness against crosstalk, as transitions are constrained to occur in only one direction.