화용론적 관점에서 본 한국 영아의 명사 및 동사 습득의 양상 -‘산출’과 ‘이해’를 중심으로- = Nouns and Verbs Acquisition of Korean Infant From the Viewpoint of Pragmatics - Focusing on 'Expression' and 'Comprehension' -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 영아의 명사와 동사습득이 일어나는 과정을 화용론적 맥락에서 살펴보기 위해 어머니와 영아의 명사, 동사 및 화행을 분석하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 16-18개월 영아와 어머니 12쌍과 23-25개월 영아와 어머니 12쌍을 대상으로 장난감을 가지고 노는 맥락과 책을 보는 맥락으로 나누어 어머니-영아의 상호작용을 각각 15분씩 녹화하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 어머니의 발화에서는 장난감 맥락에서는 명사와 동사의 어휘수와 어휘유형수에 차이는 없었으나 동사가 상대적으로 강조되었고, 책 맥락에서는 명사가 더 강조되었으나, 영아의 발화에서는 일관적으로 명사가 더 많이 나와, 초기 명사 우세 현상을 지지하였다. 둘째, 어머니들은 영아에게 언어적 반응을 이끌어내려 시도할 때는 동사보다는 명사를 이끌어냈으나, 비언어적(행동적) 반응을 이끌어내려 할 때는 사물을 구별하도록 하기보다는 행동을 산출하도록 시도하였다. 게다가, 어머니들은 동사를 산출하도록 하기보다는 행동을 산출하도록 영아를 이끌었다. 이러한 패턴은 연령과 맥락에 관계없이 나타났다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 주로 초점을 맞추었던 ‘표현어휘’의 발달에서 벗어나, 영아의 언어 발달에서 화용론적 소통 맥락을 파악하여 분석했다는 것에 그 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 어머니와의 상호작용 방식이 한국 영아들의 언어 발달에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 검토해 보는 기회를 가질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the present study is to examine the pragmatic contexts in which nouns and verbs are used in speech to young children with analyzed the distribution of nouns and verbs in maternal and child speech and maternal speech acts. Participants were 24 mother-infant dyads. Their interactions in two contexts(toy-play and book-reading) were videotaped in their home and videotaped interactions were transcribed. The results of this study are as follows. First, mother's speech data show that mother focused verbs in toy-play contexts and nouns in book-reading contexts. But, infants speak significantly more noun types and noun tokens than verb types and tokens in both contexts. Therefore, present study support early predominance of nouns pattern. Second, When mothers elicit and reinforce children's verbal responses, they are far more likely to encourage the production of nouns than verbs. On the other hand, when mothers elicit and reinforce children's behavioral responses, they request children to perform actions more often than to identify objects. Moreover, mothers more often prompt children to produce an action than to produce a verb. This patterns appear regardless of ages and contexts. Speech acts analysis from the viewpoints of pragmatics indicate that expressive vocabulary analysis can not explain infant's overall language development. After all, this study's findings suggested that mother-infant's function-specific interaction play an important role in infant's language development.

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