오바마 정부의 낙오학생방지법(NCLB) 수정안 고찰 및 시사점 = The Obama administration`s amendment on NCLB and it implications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ten years ago President George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act(NCLB), American educational reform programs which give states very heavy performance accountability in American education. After 10 years of a very standardized approach to accountability the aggressive educational reform appeared to have its disadvantages rather than its advantages. Last fall, the Obama administration offered states the opportunity to request flexibility from certain requirements of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act(ESEA) of 1965, as amended by the NCLB, in exchange for rigorous and comprehensive plans designed to improve educational outcomes for all students, close achievement gaps, increase equity, and improve the quality of instruction. Until now among fifty states and the District of Columbia around the America, 11 states already won the new flexibility, 26 states and DC applied for waivers, 4 states have plan to apply for waivers, and the rest 9 states have no response. The American elementary and secondary education is facing with a new accountability system. Traditionally the education of the States have very close relationship with decentralization. Although the wills of strong drive on the elementary and secondary education reform are understood in part, it is doubtful whether the Obama administration`s prescription on the NCLB is effective.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 염철현, "오바마 정부 교육개혁의 동향과 시사점" 한국비교교육학회 20 (20): 149-168, 2010

2 염철현, "미국 초·중등교육개혁법 고찰" 한국비교교육학회 15 (15): 57-78, 2005

3 염철현, "낙오학생방지법(NCLB) 시행 6년의 성과, 과제, 그리고 시사점" 한국비교교육학회 19 (19): 167-188, 2009

4 "http://www2.ed.gov"

5 "http://www.whitehouse.gov"

6 "WHAT ESEA FLEXIBILITY MEANS FOR STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND PARENTS: ANSWERING THE PUBLIC’S QUESTIONS"

7 Office of the Press Secretary, "The White House, Remarks by the President on No Child Left Behind Flexibility"

8 Education Week, "The Obama Education Plan" Jossey-Bass 2009

9 McAndrews, Lawrence J., "The Era of Education: The Presidential and the Schools 1965-2001" University of Illinois Press 2008

10 Department of Education, "Secretary Duncan Says Rewrite of ‘No Child Left Behind’ Should Start Now: Reauthorization can't wait"

11 Office of the Press Secretary, "Remarks by the President in State of the Union Address"

12 "Obama's NCLB waivers promise more Washington interference in education"

13 U.S. Department of Education, "NCES 2012-457"

14 Gollnick, Donna M., "Multicultural Education in a Pluralistic Society(8th Edition)" Pearson 2009

15 "Letters from the Education Secretary or Deputy Secretary"

16 U.S. Department of Education, "ESEA Flexibility(Flexibility to improve student academic achievement and increase the quality of instruction)"

17 Center on Education Policy, "AYP Results for 2010-2011"

18 ESEA SECRETARIAL WAIVERS, "ATTACHMENT A, SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL FLEXIBILITY PROVISIONS IN THE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT(ESEA)"

19 Press Office, "26 More States and DC Seek Flexibility from NCLB to Drive Education Reforms in Second Round of Requests"

20 한국교육개발원 교육정책네트워크연구실, "2011년 해외교육동향(미국편)" 한국교육개발원 60-61, 2011