사성제와 연기법의 결합에 대하여 -초기불전을 중심으로- = On the Combination of the Four Noble Truths and the Dependent Origination

국문 초록 (Abstract)

초기불전에서 사성제의 틀에 연기법의 구성요소들을 대입한 유형은 붓다가 깨달은 것이면서 해탈체험을 원하는 제자들이 반드시 여실지견해야 할 보편적인 진리들 가운데 하나로 제시된다. 본고는 사성제와 연기(=12연기)의 구성요소들이 이와 같은 방식으로 어떻게 결합되었는지에 대한 검토이다. 이것은 마치 재건된 옛 도시처럼 옛 길(=팔정도)을 따라가면서 발견한 옛 틀을 의지하여 만든 새로운 유형이며, 이러한 결합의 근거는 사성제에 함축된 보편성 때문이다. 이를 해명하기 위해 먼저 붓다의 정각과 관련된 루진지와 초전법륜의 기술을 비교분석하여 중도를 바탕으로 사성제와 정각사이에 전제된 정형적 관계를 확인했다. 다음으로 사성제의 도출과정을 탐색하여 그 틀 속에서 응용이 일어날 수밖에 없는 적절한 이유와 그에 따른 다양한 응용 사례들을 찾아보고, 그것을 기초로 연기법의 구성요소들이 적용된 경우를 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 사성제는 고통을 일으킬 수 있는 요소들을 반야에 의해 여실지견하는 틀이고, 이 유형은 연기법으로 사성제의 내용을 보완하기 위해 결합되었을 것이라는 결론에 도달하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to explore that a form applied components of the Dependent Origination(Paticcasamuppada) in the formula for the Four Noble Truths. It`s one of universal truths will be immediately realized with discriminating insight(panna), as it were, Buddha`s disciples thoroughly understand aging-and-death(jaramarana), its origin, its cessation, the way leading on its cessation. In this way, the form employed besides ignorance(avijja), factors of a twelvefold Dependent Origination instead of suffering(dukkha). New form discovered that Buddha had been followed the ancient path travelled by the Perfectly Enlightenment Ones of the past, As if it reconstructed an ancient city that had been inhabited by people in the past. Because it grounded on the Four Noble Truths as old mold. To address this issue, to begin with, I examined description of the Buddha`s full enlightenment as liberating insight of the vanishing of the cankers(asavanam khayanana) and "first sermon". So, I confirmed that there was a fixed association between complete enlightenment and insight into the Four Noble Truths. Both cases originated from the state of perfect equanimity(upekkha) and awareness(sati). Subsequently, I inquired about how the Four Noble Truths originated? The following result were obtained: the truth of suffering has been fully understood derive from remembrance of one`s own former lives and the observation of the dying and being reborn of other living beings. And the truths of its origin has been abandoned supplement intuitional confirmation about the truth of suffering. Likewise, the truths of its cessation has been realized include liberation and knowledge of one`s being liberated. Finally, the truth of the path has been practised comes from the middle way as right concentration in the noble eight-fold path. And then, on closer examination, I analyzed the example of same narrative systems, which employed cankers, the five Skandhas, world(loka), view(ditthi), nutriment(ahara), and identity(sakaya) in place of suffering in the formula for the Four Noble Truths, as objects of liberating insight or intuition(nanadassana). I understood that all cases will be insighted with discriminating insight for the cessation of suffering. In brief, Buddha had to apply his disciples transformed system of truth to reach a liberating insight, intuition which could be expressed in words. in this way Buddha and his disciples intensified and transformed combination of truths, which seems to be, observable to everyone.

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