Countries and concepts : an introduction to comparative politics

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• A NOTE TO INSTRUCTORS = xvii
• Chapter 1 WHAT TO LOOK FOR = 1
• Looking for Quarrels = 1
• The Structure of This Book = 2
• The Impact of the Past = 3
• The Five Crises of Nation Building = 4
• The Key Institutions = 5
• Left, Right, and Center = 6
• What about Names and Dates? = 6
• Parliamentary Versus Presidential Systems = 8
• Political Attitudes = 8
• The Civic Culture Study = 9
• What Is "Ideology"? = 10
• Patterns of Interaction = 11
• The Politics of Social Cleavages = 12
• Comparative Joke = 13
• The Politician as Balancer = 13
• What about Democracy? = 14
• What People Quarrel About = 14
• The Importance of Being Comparative = 15
• Vocabulary Building = 16
• Further Reference = 16
• PART ONE GREAT BRITAIN
• Chapter 2 THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 18
• "Island like England" = 18
• The United Kingdom = 19
• Britain's French Legacy = 20
• Magna Carta = 20
• The Common Law = 21
• The Rise of Parliament = 21
• Henry VIII = 22
• Parliament versus King = 23
• Premature Democrats = 23
• Cromwell's Commonwealth = 24
• Avton's Dictum = 24
• The "Glorious Revolution" = 24
• The Rise of the Prime Minister = 25
• The Democratization of Parliament = 25
• Conservative Geniuses : Burke and Disraeli = 27
• The Rise of the Welfare State = 27
• Comparing : The Genesis of Two Welfare States = 28
• Vocabulary Building = 28
• Further Reference = 29
• Chapter 3 THE KEY INSTITUTIONS = 30
• An Unwritten Constitution = 30
• The Monarch = 31
• Comparing : The Last Political Monarch = 32
• The Queen Chooses a New Prime Minister = 32
• The Cabinet = 33
• The Hierarchy of Britain's Ruling Party = 34
• The Prime Minister = 34
• John Major" A Kinder, Gentler Thatcher? = 34
• The Deceptive No. 10 Downing Street = 36
• Commons = 37
• How Commons Works = 38
• View from the Speaker's Chair of the British House of Commons = 38
• What to do with Lords? = 39
• The Parties = 40
• Two-Party Systems : variations on a British Thems = 40
• Vocabulary Building = 41
• Further Reference = 41
• Chapter 4 BRITISH POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 43
• A Touch of Class = 43
• "Public" Schools = 44
• What to Do with "Public" Schools? = 44
• Oxbridge = 45
• The Establishment = 45
• Class and Voting = 46
• The Deferential British? = 47
• The 1987 Elections : Class Plus Region = 47
• British Civility = 48
• Pragmatism = 48
• Football Hooliganism = 49
• Traditions and Symbols = 49
• Legitimacy and Authority = 50
• The Ulster Ulcer = 50
• The IRA : Ballots and Bullets = 51
• A Changing Political Culture = 52
• Vocabulary Building = 52
• Further Reference = 52
• Chapter 5 PATTERNS OF INTERACTION = 54
• People and Parties = 54
• 1987: Tories Win Again = 55
• National and Local Party = 55
• Politics within the Parties = 56
• The Rise and Fall of the Liveral Democrats = 57
• Kinnock Revuilds Labour = 58
• Parties and Interest Groups = 59
• The "Poll Tax" Issue = 60
• The Parties Face Each Other = 60
• The cabinet and the Civil Servants = 61
• The Profumo scandal = 61
• The Utility of Dignity = 62
• Treasury: The Real Power = 63
• The Civil service and Interest Groups = 63
• What about Democracy = 64
• Vocabulary Building = 64
• Further Reference = 65
• Chapter 6 WHAT BRITONS QUARREL ABOUT = 66
• The "British Disease" = 66
• "Pluralistic Stagnation" = 67
• The Thatcher Cure = 67
• The Flip Side of the Welfare state = 68
• Comparing: The Productivity Race = 68
• Comparing: Thatchernomics and Reaganomics = 69
• Scottish and Welsh Nationalism = 70
• The Trouble with national Health = 71
• British Racism = 72
• What to Do with Ulster? = 73
• Britain and Europe = 74
• No Nukes, British Style = 75
• Great Britain or Little England? = 76
• Vocabulary Building = 76
• Further Reference = 76
• PART TWO FRANCE
• Chapter 7 THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 78
• The Split Hexagon = 78
• The Roman Influence = 78
• The Rise of French Absolutism = 79
• Great French Expressions : "Paris Is Worth a Mass." = 79
• Louis XIV : The High Point of Absolutism = 80
• Great French Expressions : "L'etat, c'est moi." = 80
• Why the French Revolution? = 80
• Great French Expressions : "Let Them Eat Cake." = 81
• From Freedom to Tyranny = 81
• Three French Geniuses : Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau = 82
• A Tale of Two Flags = 83
• The Original Chauvinist = 83
• A Theory of Revolution = 84
• The Bourbon Restoration = 84
• Great French Expressions : "They Learned Nothing and They Forgot Nothing." = 85
• The Third Republic = 85
• The Dreyfus Affair = 86
• Vichy : Franc Splits Again = 86
• The Fourth Republic = 87
• Vocabulary Building = 88
• Further Reference = 88
• Chapter 8 THE KEY INSTITUTIONS = 89
• Fifteen Constitutions = 89
• A Semi-presidential System = 89
• Parliamentary versus Presidential Systems = 90
• Great French Expressions : Cohabitation = 92
• Premier and Cabinet = 92
• A Socialist Romantic for President = 93
• The National Assembly = 94
• Great French Expressions : "Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose." = 94
• Comparing : The Italian Parliamentary System = 95
• The Party System = 96
• A Senate That Fights Back = 97
• Comparing : A French Supreme Court? = 98
• A Decentralized Unitary System = 98
• The Two Elections of 1988 = 99
• Vocabulary Building = 100
• Further Reference = 100
• Chapter 9 FRENCH POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 101
• A Tale of Two Families = 101
• How to Celebrate a 200-Year0-Old Revolution = 102
• Historical Roots of French Attitudes = 102
• "La Marseillaise" = 103
• A Climate of Mistrust = 103
• Great French Expressions : "L'enfer, c'est les autres." = 104
• The Nasty Split = 104
• French and American Party Identification = 105
• Comparing : The Instability of Split Societies = 106
• French Elections : The Persistence of Religion = 106
• School for Grinds = 107
• French Elections : The Persistence of Region = 107
• How Would You do on the "Bac" = 108
• The "Great Schools" = 108
• The Fear of "Face to Face" = 109
• Rule of the Enarchs = 109
• Freedom or Authority? = 110
• Comparing : French and American press Conferences = 110
• Social Class = 112
• The Great Calming Down = 112
• Great French Expressions : "The Heart Is on the Left, but the Billfold Is on the Right." = 113
• The French Turn Centrist = 113
• Vocabulary Building = 114
• Further Reference = 114
• Chapter 10 PATTERNS OF INTERACTION = 115
• Parties in confusion = 115
• The Emerging Party System = 116
• The Socialists and the Communists = 116
• The French Lift : Smother Thy Brother = 117
• The Gaullists and Republicans = 118
• Mitterrand Skunks Chirac = 119
• The Stalemate Cycle = 119
• The Events of May 1968 = 120
• The Plebiscite Game = 121
• Fragmented Labor Unions = 122
• Business and the Bureaucracy = 123
• "Putting on the slippers" = 124
• The Eternal Bureaucracy = 125
• Government by Bureaucracy = 125
• Vocabulary Building = 126
• Further Reference = 126
• Chapter 11 WHAT THE FRENCH QUARREL ABOUT = 127
• From Stagnant to Dynamic = 127
• Big Guys versus Little Guys = 128
• Nukes, French Style = 129
• The Poujadists : A Classic Flash Party = 130
• The Nationalization Question = 130
• The Concorde : A Prestigious Dinosaur = 131
• Comparing : the spanish Socialists do It Better = 132
• The Wealth Gap = 132
• Is There a VAT in Your Future? = 133
• France's Racial Problem = 133
• The National Front : Another Flash Party? = 134
• France's Education Problems = 135
• Comparing : How U. S. and French Youths Handle the School Problem = 136
• The Covering Up of Things Past = 136
• Vocabulary Building = 137
• Further Reference = 137
• PART THREE GERMANY
• Chapter 12 THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 140
• Germany's Uncertain Borders = 140
• Who Are the Germans? = 140
• The Changing Shape of Germany = 141
• The Fragmented Nation = 143
• Impressive German Words : Obrigkeit = 144
• The Rise of Prussia = 144
• Impressive German Words: Machtstaat = 145
• German Nationalism = 145
• Impressive German Words : Volksgeist = 146
• The Second Reich = 146
• Bismarck's Dubious Legacy = 147
• Impressive German Words : Kulturkampf = 148
• The Catastrophe : World War I = 148
• Impressive German Words : Dolchstoss = 149
• Republic without Democrats = 149
• The Horrors of Polarized Pluralism = 150
• The Third Reich = 151
• Impressive German Words : Gleichschaltung = 151
• The Occupation = 152
• Impressive German Words : Lebensraum = 152
• Might Have Been : The Plot to Kill Hitler = 153
• Another Tale of Two Flags = 153
• Vocabulary Building = 154
• Further Reference = 154
• Chapter 13 THE KEY INSTITUTIONS = 155
• A True Federation = 155
• The President = 155
• Impressive German Words : Bundesrepublik = 156
• Impressive German Words : Grundgesetz = 156
• Der Alte : Adenauer = 157
• The Chancellor = 158
• The Cabinet = 158
• Helmut Kohl : The Underestimated Chancellor = 158
• The Grand Coalition : A Dangerous Experiment = 160
• The Bundestag = 161
• The Constitutional Court = 162
• The Bundesrat : A Useful Upper House = 162
• The Parties = 163
• Impressive German Words : Regierungsfahig = 163
• A Split electoral System = 164
• Comparing : Israel's PR Electoral System = 165
• "You Have Two votes" : A West German Ballot = 166
• 1990 : A Modified PR System in Action = 167
• Vocabulary Building = 167
• Further Reference = 168
• Chapter 14 GERMAN POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 169
• Achtung! You Bill be Democratic! = 169
• The Moral Vacuum = 170
• Impressive German Words : Gehosamkeit = 170
• Impressive German Words : vergangenheitsbewaltigungo = 171
• Forgetting the Past = 171
• The Rise of "Pstematerialism" = 172
• The Generation Gap = 172
• Facing up to the Past = 173
• A New German Democracy = 174
• When Wessi Met Ossi = 175
• Willy Brandt : A German Mr. Clean = 175
• The End of Shell Shock = 175
• The Re-made Society = 177
• The German Political Elite = 178
• Impressive German Words : Rechtsstaat = 178
• The German split Personality = 179
• Impressive German Words : Sehnsucht and Streben = 179
• Vocabulary Building = 180
• Further Reference = 180
• Chapter 15 PATTERNS OF INTERACTION = 181
• Parties and the Electorate = 181
• The shape of the German Electorate = 182
• Unhappy on the Left : The Jusos = 182
• Thunder on the Right : CSU = 183
• The Chancellor and the Electorate = 184
• Impressive German Words : Weltanschauung = 184
• The "Catchall" Party = 185
• The Bundestag and the Citizen = 185
• Movable Mayors = 185
• Impressive German Words : Sachlichkeit = 186
• The Union-Party Linkup = 187
• Impressive German Words : Spitzenverband = 187
• Interest Groups : "Family" versus "client" Relationships = 188
• The Lander and Berlin = 189
• How Germans Voted : The 1990 Elections by Land = 190
• German Voting Patterns = 190
• Vocabulary Building = 191
• Further Reference = 191
• Chapter 16 WHAT GERMANS QUARREL ABOUT = 192
• How to Merge Two Economies = 192
• Unification : The Preliminary Bill = 193
• Could Unification Have Come Gradually? = 194
• Needed : Another Economic Miracle = 193
• Impressive German Words : Wirtschaftswunder = 196
• Impressive German Words : Sozialmarkt = 196
• Impressive German Words : Treuhandanstalt = 197
• Impressive German Words : Finanzausgleich = 198
• Labor Unions under Pressure = 198
• Impressive German Words : Mitbestimmung = 199
• The Flood of Foreigners = 200
• Impressive German Words : Gastarbeiter = 201
• The Stasi Stain = 202
• The Rise and Fall of the Greens = 203
• Impressive German Words : Waldsterben = 203
• No Nukes, German Style = 204
• A Fourth Reich? = 205
• Vocabulary Building = 206
• Further Reference = 206
• PART FOUR THE SOVIET UNION
• Chapter 17 THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 209
• The Biggest Country in the World = 209
• Memorable Russian Slogans : "Moscow Is the third Rome." = 210
• The Slavic People = 210
• Russian Autocracy = 211
• Absolutism or Anarchy = 212
• Russia's First secret Police = 212
• Forced Modernization = 212
• State Plus Church : "Caesaropapism" = 213
• Westernizers and Slavohiles = 213
• From Frustration to Revolution = 214
• Premature Democrats : The Decembrists = 214
• Marxism Comes to Russia = 215
• Thsarist Repression : The Okhrana = 215
• A Russian Genius : Lenin = 216
• Curtain Raaiser : The 1905 Revolution = 217
• One City, Three Names = 218
• World War I and Collapse = 218
• Memorable Russian Slogans : "Bread, Land, Peace" = 218
• Kerensky : Nice guys Lose = 219
• Memorable Russian Slogans : "All Power to the Soviets." = 219
• The Revolution and Civil War = 220
• War Communism and NEP = 220
• Why the October Revolution Was in November = 220
• Memorable Russian slogans : "He Who does Not Work, Neither Shall He Eat." = 221
• Stalin : "One death Is a Tragedy : A Million Is a Statistic." = 221
• Vocabulary Building = 223
• Further Reference = 223
• Chapter 18 THE KEY INSTITUTIONS = 224
• System In Flux = 224
• What Is System Change? = 224
• The Classic Stalin System = 225
• "The Communist Party Is Not a Party like Other Parties." = 225
• Government in a Fortress = 226
• Memorable Russian Slogans : "National in Form, Socialist in Content" = 226
• Who Was When? = 228
• The Bureaucracy = 228
• Three UN Seats for One Country = 228
• The KGB = 228
• Gorbachev : "Life Punishes Those Who Delay" = 229
• A Reformed System? = 231
• A Persistence of Pattern = 233
• Did We Misread Gorbachev? = 234
• Vocabulary Building = 234
• Further Reference = 235
• Chapter 19 SOVIET POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 236
• The Great Fear = 236
• The Original "Great Fear" = 236
• Solzhenitsyn : Russian Mysticism = 238
• Memorable russian slogans : "Socialism in One Cuntry" = 238
• The Mask of Legitimacy = 238
• The Photo That Got Me in Trouvle = 238
• The Illusion of Ideology = 240
• An Alternate Explanation : Jobs = 240
• Taking the Pledge = 241
• Natural Socialists? = 242
• A Genie Grants Three Wishes = 243
• The Nationality Factor in Soviet Public Opinion = 243
• Meeting a Relative = 244
• Soviet Racism = 244
• The Rise and Fall of Gleanost = 245
• Stalin as Symbol = 246
• What the System does to People = 246
• Can a democratic Political Culture Be Learned? = 247
• New chants and Banners on Red Square = 248
• Vocabulary Building = 248
• Further Reference = 248
• Chapter 20 PATTERNS OF INTERACTION
• Unregulated Play = 250
• "Totalitarian" v. "Authoritarian" = 251
• The Army = 252
• Neformalny = 252
• The "Center" = 253
• The KGB = 253
• Left and Right Reversed = 254
• The Party Fragments = 254
• New Player : Free Soviet Unions = 255
• The Democrats = 256
• Comparing : Yugoslavia : A Miniature Soviet Union = 256
• The Nationalities = 257
• Classic Tactic : "Divide and Rule" = 258
• The Unreformable System? = 258
• Soviet Liberal and Cnservative Politics = 261
• Liberal and Conservative in Soviet Politics = 262
• The danger : Army＋KGB＋Party Hardliners＋Russian Nationalists = 259
• Khrushchev : The destalinizer = 259
• Yeltsin v. Gorbachev? = 263
• Vocabulary Building = 264
• Further Reference = 264
• Chapter 21 WHAT THE SOVIETS QUARREL ABOUT = 265
• What to Do with Socialism? = 265
• Untried Reforms : The 500 days that Never Were = 265
• Pavlovian Response : Laying Blame for the soviet Mess = 266
• The Horror of soviet Health Standards = 267
• Will the Soviet Union Join the Third World? = 268
• Comparing : Scandinavian Type socialism for the Soviet Union? = 269
• A Middle Way for Socialism? = 270
• Let My People Go : Should Republics be Free to Leave The soviet Union? = 270
• What Did the 1991 Referendum Mean? = 271
• What Kind of Federation? = 272
• Are We Gorbocentric? = 272
• Let My Market Grow : Next Time Do It Right = 273
• Vocabulary Building = 275
• Further Reference = 275
• PART FIVE THE THIRD WORLD
• Chapter 22 CHINA = 278
• THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 278
• A Crowede Land = 278
• A Traditional Political System = 279
• Confucianism : Government by Right Thinking = 280
• The Long Collapse = 280
• Cyclical versus Secular Change = 281
• Chinese Worlds in Roman Letters = 281
• From Empire to Republic = 282
• The Communist Triumph = 283
• Mao and Guerilla War = 285
• THE KEY INSTITUTIONS = 285
• The Soviet Parallel = 285
• Tandem Power : Mao and Zhou = 286
• The Party = 287
• The Mouse Catcher : Deng Xiaoping = 287
• The Army = 288
• Tandem Power Continues = 289
• CHINESE POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 290
• Traditional Attitudes = 290
• Reverence for Age = 290
• Nationalism = 291
• Maoism = 292
• Slogans from the Cultural Revolution = 292
• Concealed Anger = 293
• Big Lie and Little Whisper = 294
• PATTERNS OF INTERACTION = 295
• Cycles of Uheaval = 295
• The Great Leap Forward : "Twenty Years in a Day" = 295
• The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution : "Bombard the Command Post" = 296
• Radicals and Moderates = 297
• Radicals and Moderates in Chinese Politics = 297
• Chinese Liberal and Conservative Politics = 298
• Anti-Western Campaigns = 299
• The Underlying Problem = 299
• WHAT THE CHINESE QUARREL ABOUT = 300
• A Market Economy for China? = 300
• The Trouble with Markets = 301
• A Middle Way for the Middle Kingdom? = 302
• The Tianammen Massacre = 303
• The Choke Point = 304
• The Hong Kong Problem = 305
• Soviets of Americans? = 306
• How Many Chinese? = 306
• Dissent and democracy = 307
• Vocabulary Building = 308
• Further Reference = 308
• Chapter 23 BRAZIL = 310
• THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 310
• The Portuguese Influence = 310
• A Painless Independence = 312
• From Empire to Republic = 313
• The Old Republic = 313
• Order and Progress = 314
• Vargas's "New State" = 314
• The Rise and Fall of Jango Goulart = 315
• THE KEY INSTITUTIONS = 316
• The Military as political Institution = 316
• Brazil's Powerful Military School = 317
• The Presidency = 318
• The Waltz of the Generals : Brazil's Presidents, 1964-90 = 318
• The President Who Never Was = 319
• Comparing : spain Turns Democratic = 319
• A New Democratic Constitution = 320
• Collor de Mello : Playboy or President? = 320
• An Emerging Party system = 321
• A Lack of Institutions = 321
• BRAZILIAN POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 322
• The Easygoing Image = 322
• Personalism and Machismo = 323
• Brazilian Racism = 323
• Brazil's Poor : Passive of Dxplosive? = 324
• Marginals in Brazil's Favelas = 325
• Uneven Democratic Attitudes = 326
• Authoritarian De-politicization = 326
• PATTERNS OF INTERACTION = 327
• An Elite Game = 327
• The Mobilization-Demobilization Cycle = 328
• Political Mobilization, Brazilian style = 328
• "Praetorianism" = 329
• The Inflation Connection = 329
• The Divided Military : Liberals versus Hard-Liners = 330
• Brazil's desperate struggle Against Inflation = 331
• The Decompression Dilemma = 331
• The Brazilian Political Cycle = 332
• Resurgent Interest Groups = 332
• The Church as Opposition = 333
• Chico Mendes : Another Death in the Aazon = 334
• WHAT BRAZILIANS QUARREL ABOUT = 335
• The Brazilian Miracle = 335
• They Got an Awful Lot of Everything in Brazil = 335
• The Dependencia Syndrome = 336
• The Politics of Debt = 337
• Great Brazilian Wisecracks = 337
• Brazil's State Capitalism = 338
• Great brazilian Wisecracks = 339
• Growth for Whom? = 339
• The Population Problem = 340
• Crime and Punishment, Brazilian Style = 340
• Will Brazilian Democracy Last? = 341
• Vocabulary Building = 341
• Further Reference = 341
• Chapter 24 SOUTH AFRICA = 343
• THE IMPACT OF THE PAST = 343
• Whose Land? = 343
• South Africa's Population = 345
• The Great Trek = 345
• Dingaan's Kraal : Still Remembered = 346
• The Bore War = 346
• From Defeat to Victory = 347
• Workers of the world Unite for a White south Africa. = 348
• THE KEY INSTITUTION = 349
• System in Flux = 349
• South African Might-Have-been : The black and Colored Vote = 349
• A Tricameral Parliament = 350
• The President's Council = 351
• South African Might-Have-Been : If Reform Had Come Earlier = 352
• White Parties = 353
• Nonwhite Parties = 354
• The Homelands = 355
• Home for Four Million People? = 355
• SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL ATTITUDES = 356
• The Afrikaners = 356
• Afrikaans : A New Language = 357
• The English-Speakers = 358
• South African Might-Have-Been : If the English Had Retained Power = 358
• The Africans = 359
• The Browns = 360
• Love Across the Color Line = 361
• PATTERNS OF INTERACTION = 361
• The Parties and The Electorate = 361
• Politics within the Nats = 362
• The Powerful band of Brothers = 362
• Politics among the Blacks = 363
• South africa's Bloodshed : Whose Fault? = 363
• New Player : COSATU = 364
• An Emerging Party System = 365
• No One in Charge = 365
• Harvest of Hearted = 367
• Steve Biko : death in Prison = 368
• WHAT SOUTH AFRICANS QUARREL ABOUT = 368
• A New Constitution? = 368
• Byproduct : An Increase in Crime = 370
• Socialism for South Africa? = 371
• To Invest in South Africa? = 371
• Bringing down or Building Up? = 372
• Vocabulary Building = 373
• Further Reference = 373
• Chapter 25 LESSONS OF SEVEN COUNTRIES = 374
• GLOSSARY = 380
• INDEX = 387