Is reason and existence in the discussion from modern philosophy (especially Kant's Philosophy) to Heidegger and Apel (together with Habermas) uncombinable paradigms Is there no meaning concerning consciousness philosophy today The decisive methodo...
Is reason and existence in the discussion from modern philosophy (especially Kant's Philosophy) to Heidegger and Apel (together with Habermas) uncombinable paradigms Is there no meaning concerning consciousness philosophy today The decisive methodological premises for new rationality is revealed with the linguistic turn since disbelief in reason. Habermas' and Apel's language pragmatics is an attempt to overcome the solipsism of consciousness philosophy and to overcome the skepticism and relativism by transforming objectivity of reason into intersubjectivity of reason. And they studied ethical oder normative reason for common being of human beings, applied language pragmatics to the perspective of morality, and formulated the discourse ethic. But the skepticism and disbelief in reason is deeper and wiser than discourse theorists think. We should require infinite existence of human beings in oder to realize infinite progress of reason. Because the conflict between reason and existence is no more fully explained and overcame through Habermas' and Apel's language pragmatics, explanation and overcoming of the conflict between reason and existence demands Ebeling's fundamental pragmatics, namely fundamental pragmatics which presupposes existential pragmatics. Fundamental pragmatics is a modern new consciousness philosophy of the conscious being of human reason, namely consciousness pragmatics.
The modern situation which Ebeling analyses is above all "real violence situation", which is composed of "violence facts" such as "suicide", "killing of human being" and "killing of the human race". The killing of the human race is the most universal type of social death, which can be realized as totality of all violence employments. Suicide is realized through "idiot", killing of human being through "authority of a strong man", and killing of the human race through "collective madness". Ebeling criticizes the wildness of technique, the scepticism which justifies it mentally, and the universal death which these make, and he demands course revision of technology.
Now is a new rational aim of the fundamental pragmatics not production of happiness, but prevention of unhappiness. This fundamental pragmatics is the theory connects through preliminary procedure of the existential pragmatics finite existence with infinite reason. It accepts Apel's transcendental-pragmatical principles, considers Heidegger's existential analytic, and demands the ground of unity of both together. It connects a parameter of the rationality with a parameter of the temporality. The practical project is to combine universality of reason with universality of death and to know two grounds of morality.
The concept of reason which the fundamental pragmatics proposes is the conscious being which means practical unity of reason(consciousness) and existence(being). Therefore is the fundamental pragmatics a modern new consciousness pragmatics of the conscious being. In according to Ebeling is the concept of the conscious being a transformation of Kant's concept of Apperception(self consciousness as "I think"). Such ideas as overcoming of death, demand of liberty and production of equality is elements of the ideal meaning dimension as the ultimate aim or the highest good of the conscious being for Ebelling. They are the ideas of reason which means power of ideas in Kant's theory of knowledge. In this way is the fundamental pragmatics of the conscious being as modernphilosophically transformed consciousness philosophy anthropology, ethics and metaphysics. This study of Heidegger's existential analytic, Apel's transcendentalpragmatics and Ebeling's fundamentalpragmatical transformation provides the ground which can solve the problem about consciousnessphilosophical unification in the conflict between reason and existence.