치안드론 운용방안에 관한 연구 : 중국과의 비교연구를 중심으로 = A Study on the Operation Method of Security Drones -focus on comparative research with China-

국문 초록 (Abstract)

4차 산업혁명 시대의 핵심기술 중의 하나인 드론의 활용이 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 경찰을 비롯한 공공기관에서 드론을 적극적으로 운영하고 있다. 앞으로 중·장기적 전략 수립을 통한 세계 드론시장 점유율 확보와 한국 드론의 신뢰도 모색을 위한 현황파악 및 발전로드맵에 대한 논의가 필요한 시점이다.
특히 중국은 아시아권 드론시장의 단일 선두주자로서 한국과 비교했을 때 15배가량 큰 시장을 보유하고 있다. 따라서 중국이 드론산업을 성공적으로 이끈 배경을 고찰하여 국내 드론산업 발전방향을 파악하고, 드론실명제 운영과 공공드론 운영과 관리에 대한 시사점을 남길 수 있을 것이다.
현재 국내 한국의 드론 발전현황에 대한 논의는 비교적 활발한 반면, 한·중 간 드론분야의 비교연구는 전무하였다. 본 연구는 중국법제 및 중국문헌을 적극 활용, 비교 연구를 진행하여 국내 드론 사업의 발전방향 및 공공분야에서의 드론 활용 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 대한 정책적 시사점은 한·중 양국의 드론에 대한 차별성, 드론에 대한 인식 제고, 드론 법제정비 추진, 정부주도 드론전문 연구기관 및 교육기관 설립, 치안드론 운영 기준수립, 부처 간 지속 발전 가능한 협업 추진 여섯 가지이다.
본 연구의 한계점으로는 드론 개발 및 운용에 대하여 중국에 국한하여 연구를 진행하면서, 미국 독일 등 비교적 높은 시장 점유율을 가진 국가를 제외하여 연구범위가 한국과 중국지역에 국한되었다. 또한 코로나19로 인하여 국내 전문가와의 라포 형성을 통한 인터뷰 진행이 불가능했다. 차후 전문가 인터뷰와 설문조사 등을 통한 인식범위에 대한 설문연구 등 현황에 대한 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 제 1 장 서 론 ······························ 1
• 제 1 절 연구의 배경 ··········································· 1
• 제 2 절 연구의 목적 ··········································· 4
• 제 3 절 연구의 방법 및 목적 ······························· 5
• 제 2 장 이론적 배경························ 9
• 제 1 절 드론 개관·············································· 9
• 1. 드론의 정의···················································· 9
• 1) 한국과 중국의 드론에 대한 법적 표현 ··············· 10
• 2) 드론에 대한 접근방식의 차이 ·························· 14
• 2. 치안드론······················································· 14
• 1) 공익목적 드론활용을 위한 한중 양국의 노력 ······· 15
• 2) 발전단계의 개선 소요 ··································· 18
• 제 2 절 선행연구 검토········································ 19
• 1. 국내 드론관련 선행연구 ···································· 19
• 2. 중국 드론관련 선행연구 ···································· 21
• 제 3 절 한·중간 드론법제 비교······························ 23
• 1. 국내 드론 규제방식 및 공익적 활용방안 ················ 24
• 1) 기준법률 「항공안전법」과 「드론법」의 개관 ···· 24
• 2) 위법행위에 대한 제재 ·································· 26
• 3) 공익목적의 활용 ········································ 30
• 4) 드론실명제················································ 32
• 2. 중국법 위계 및 공공기관 드론 활용근거················· 34
• 1) 중국의 입법체계·········································· 34
• 2) 드론 관련 법률·············································36
• 3) 국가안전법의 권한·········································39
• 3. 중국의 드론 법제··············································40
• 1) 중국 ‘민용무인항공기 실명제 등록관리 규정’(2017)···40
• 2) 중국 ‘무인항공기 비행관리 잠정조례’ (2018)···········43
• 제 4 절 소 결 ··················································48
• 제 3 장 한국의 드론 현황··················55
• 제 1 절 드론시장 규모 및 활용분야 현황·················· 55
• 1. 개요 ··························································· 55
• 2. 드론시장 규모 ··············································· 59
• 제 2 절 치안드론 현황 ······································· 61
• 1. 치안드론 운영의 시작과 발전 ····························· 61
• 2. 치안드론 운영의 현재 ······································ 63
• 3. 치안드론 제한점과 개선소요 ······························ 64
• 제 3 절 소결···················································· 65
• 1. 공익목적 드론운영의 문제점 ····························· 65
• 2. 치안드론 분야의 개선소요 ································ 66
• 1) 대국민적 신뢰확보와 협업기준 구비 ················· 66
• 2) 치안드론 조종요원의 기능보장 및 교육 강화 ······· 66
• 제 4 장 중국의 드론 현황················· 68
• 제 1 절 중국 드론시장 규모 및 현황······················· 68
• 1. 중국 내 가입자 분포 ······································· 68
• 2. 중국 내 드론시장 규모 및 추이··························· 70
• 3. 민간드론 운영현황 및 관리································ 72
• 4. 활용빈도 분석 ··············································· 74
• 5. 드론산업의 정책적 활용 ··································· 77
• 제 2 절 중국 드론 관리공백···································78
• 1. 드론을 활용한 범죄 증가 ·································· 78
• 2. 중국 행정시스템의 역량부족 ······························ 79
• 1) 드론실명제 관리 미흡 ··································· 79
• 2) 관리주체의 모호성 ······································ 82
• 3. 한국에의 적용 시사점 ······································ 84
• 제 3 절 공안무인기 현황 ···································· 85
• 1. 범인 검거수단 ··············································· 86
• 2. 소수민족 독립운동을 저지하기 위한 자국민 테러위험방지 · 87
• 3. 국가행사 보안 및 경비담당 역할 ························· 88
• 4. 중대한 돌발사건 발생 시 정보수집 및 대응능력 향상 · 88
• 제 4 절 공안무인기 운영 문제점···························· 89
• 1. 채택 간 납품드론 기술에 대한 표준 미지정 ············ 89
• 2. 조작과 응용수준에 대한 매뉴얼 부재 ···················· 90
• 3. 활용범위에 대한 기술력 및 인력운영 한계 ············· 91
• 4. 전문 드론면허 시험기관 불명확 ·························· 92
• 5. 공안기관에서의 행정시스템 적용 미흡 ··················· 93
• 6. 통제와 협조에 대한 법적 근거조항 미비 ················ 95
• 제 5 절 소결···················································· 96
• 제 5 장 결론······························ 100
• 제 1 절 정책적 시사점······································ 100
• 1. 한중 양국의 드론에 대한 차별성························· 100
• 2. 드론에 대한 인식 제고 ··································· 101
• 3. 법제정비 추진 ·············································· 101
• 4. 정부주도 드론전문 연구기관 및 교육기관 설립 ······· 102
• 5. 치안드론 운영 기준수립 ·································· 103
• 6. 부처 간 지속발전 가능한 협업 추진 ···················· 104
• 제 2 절 후속연구를 위한 제언····························· 105
• 참고문헌 ································· 107
• Abstract ·································115