금융위기 이후 예금보험제도의 변화와 시사점 = Changes in Deposit Insurance System After the Financial Crisis and Its Implications

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In countries around the world, policies to stabilize each country's financial system through measures such as guarantee of obligation for ailing financial institution, capital input and purchase of bad assets are being carried out in response to the global financial crisis that was triggered by the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September of 2008. Furthermore, each countries' governments, central banks and deposit insurance institutions are utilizing policy instruments such as lowering of interest rates, liquidity supports and full insurance on deposits or expansion of insurance limits to protect deposits.
However, the discussion on exit strategy are being raised thanks to the signs of recovery in economy since late 2009 and the stabilizing of the effects from the recent financial crisis. And these discussions are bringing up discussions on future actions such as the restoration of deposit insurance system to the way it used to be before it was strengthened in response to the changes in the financial environment, in other words, the financial crisis.
The United States has based its deposit insurance system on the Federal Deposit Insurance Act(FDIA) and since the financial crisis in October of 2008, FDIC implemented Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program(TLGP). Since then in 2010, Dodd-Frank Act has stipulated that 2 year full guarantee on financial institution deposits in transaction accounts with no interest be mandatory.
Meanwhile, as a part of efforts to bring about systematic improvements to overcome global financial crisis and reformation of financial system management system including the deposit insurance system, the British government enacted the Banking act in February of 2009 and the EU amended its Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive(EU Directive 94/19/EC) that was established in 2004 to reflect the discussion on expansion of the scope of deposit guarantee and the speeding up of deposit pay offs on March 11th of 2009.
In Japan, the deposit insurance institution manages the depositor protection system based on the Deposit Insurance Act and funding supports for financial institutions are carried out through the Financial Function Strengthening Act.
As evidenced by above cases, the financial crisis emphasized once again the importance of deposit insurance system in stabilizing the financial system and has spurred many countries to reconsider their deposit insurance system designs.
Therefore, discussions on system improvement measures to secure financial stabilization through deposit insurance system seems to be needed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 금융위기가 진정되고, 2009년 하반기 이후 경기도 회복세를 보이면서 출구전략에 대한 논의가 대두되고 있으며, 이는 금융환경에의 영향, 즉 금융위기에 대응하여 강화조치가 있었던 예금보험제도의 원상회복 등 향후 조치에 대한 논의로 이어지고 있다.
미국은 예금보험제도의 운영을 위하여 「연방예금보험법(Federal Deposit Insurance Act ; FDIA)」을 두고 있으며, 금융위기에 대응하기 위하여 2008년 10월 FDIC는 한시적 유동성 보증 프로그램(Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program ; TLGP) 제도를 도입하였다. 이후 2010년 도드-프랭크 법은 FDIC로 하여금 부보금융기관의 이자미지급결제성계좌 예금에 대해 2년간 전액보호를 의무화하도록 규정하였다.
한편, 영국에서는 예금보험제도를 포함한 금융시스템 운영방식의 개편과 글로벌 금융위기 극복을 위한 제도 개선의 일환으로 2009년 2월 「은행법(Banking Act 2009)」을 제정하였다. 또한, EU에서는 2004년에 성립한 예금자보호지침(Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive ; EU Directive 94/19/EC)을 예금보호 범위의 확충과 예금지급의 신속화에 대한 논의를 반영하여, 2009년 3월 11일에 개정(2009/14/EC)하였다. 일본에서 예금자 보호제도는 「예금보험법」을 기본으로 하여 예금보험기구가 운용하고 있으며, 금융기관에 대한 자금지원을 위하여 2008년 「금융기능강화법」을 개정하였다.
이와 같이 금융위기는 예금보험제도가 금융시스템의 안정을 이루게 하는 역할의 중요성을 다시금 부각시켰고, 많은 국가에 예금보험제도 설계의 재고를 촉구했다. 이와 같은 국제적 논의에 따라 우리나라에서도 예금보험제도를 통하여 금융안정을 도모할 수 있는 제도개선방안의 논의가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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