계사 및 우사 내 암모니아 및 황화수소 노출농도 평가 = Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Monitoring in Broiler Barns and Cattle Barns

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives: There are many hazardous agents at livestock farms. In particular, gases can be detrimental to both workers and animals. This study evaluated ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in broiler hen barns and beef cattle barns according to sampling location and height. Methods: Three broiler hen barns and three beef cattle barns were selected for gas monitoring in this study. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were measured using a direct-reading instrument which could measure the target gases simultaneously. Gas monitoring was conducted at human breathing height and animal breathing height at three points in each livestock farm. Results: Ammonia concentrations at the broiler hen barns ranged from 3.3 to 12.5 ppm by sampling location and height, but hydrogen sulfide was not detected. In the beef cattle barns, ammonia ranged from 3.1 to 16.3 ppm and low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were detected at some animal breathing heights. The gas concentrations detected at each livestock farm were significantly higher in the animal breathing zones than in human breathing zones (p<0.0001). Conclusions: We found a difference in gas concentrations between human breathing zones and animal breathing zones. Gas monitoring should be conducted to improve the related environment considering both workers' and animals' health and safety.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김경란, "양계장에서 입식 및 출하작업시 분진과 가스상 물질의 노출 측정 조사" 한국산업보건학회 24 (24): 471-477, 2014

2 김기연, "국내의 계사(鷄舍) 형태별 암모니아 및 황화수소 농도 특성에 관한 연구" 한국실내환경학회 7 (7): 216-223, 2010

3 김치년, "겨울철 밀폐형 돈사작업장에서 발생되는 실내공기 오염물질의 변동" 한국산업보건학회 13 (13): 191-197, 2003

4 Seedorf J, "Survey of ammonia concentrations in livestock buildings" 133 (133): 433-437, 1999

5 Beaver RL, "Summary of documented fatalities in livestock manure storage and handling facilities-1975-2004" 12 (12): 3-23, 2007

6 Burton DL, "Nitrogen losses from swine housings" 15 (15): 59-74, 1986

7 Badjagbo K, "Moore S. Real-time continuous monitoring methods for airborne VOCs" 26 (26): 931-940, 2007

8 Milby TH, "Hydrogen sulfide poisoning:clarification of some controversial issues" 35 (35): 192-195, 1999

9 Hoff SJ, "Emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor before, during, and after slurry removal from a deep-pit swine finisher" 56 (56): 581-590, 2006

10 Zhu J, "Daily variations in odor and gas emissions from animal facilities" 16 (16): 153-158, 2000

11 Thorne PS, "Concentrations of bioaerosols, odors, and hydrogen sulfide inside and downwind from two types of swine livestock operations" 6 (6): 211-220, 2009

12 Koerkamp PG, "Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe" 70 (70): 79-95, 1998

13 Simsek E, "Ammonia emissions from dairy cattle barns in summer season" 11 (11): 2116-2120, 2012

14 Lee SH, "Ammonia emission in the windowless laying hen house" 100-107, 2003

15 Herbut P, "Ammonia concentrations in a free-stall dairy barn" 14 (14): 153-166, 2014

16 Radon K, "Air contaminants in different European farming environments" 9 (9): 41-48, 2002

17 Shin CL, "A study on exposure to organic dust and ammonia in poultry confinement buildings" (2) : 303-314, 2004

18 Hinz T, "A comprehensive experimental study of aerial pollutants in and emissions from livestock buildings. Part 2: Results" 70 (70): 119-129, 1998

19 Guarrasi J, "A Systematic Review of Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide in Livestock Operations" 20 (20): 225-236, 2015