Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of the Prostate in Normal Dogs

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aims of this study were to describe the appearance and size of the normal canine prostate using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. MR images were obtained from seven intact male beagle dogs using a 1.5 T MR unit. The sequences included pre- and post-contrast T1- and T2-weighted imaging with and without fat saturation. The signal intensity of the prostate was compared with the adjacent musculature, fat, and urine in the urinary bladder. We recorded the mean prostatic length, width, and height and the length of the sixth lumbar vertebral body (L6). In addition, the prostatic length (rL), width (rW), and height (rH) ratios to L6 were calculated. Diffusion-weighted images of the prostate were obtained and ADC values were calculated.
The prostate was bilobed and oval-shaped, homogenous on T1-weighted images, and heterogeneous with radiating lines on T2-weighted images. Post-contrast T1-weighted sequences showed contrast enhancement of the central and radiating striations. The prostatic capsule was clearly identified on post-contrast T1-weighted images with fat saturation.
The ADC values were 1.72-2.04 × 103mm2/sec (mean, 1.88 × 103mm2/sec). Knowledge of the normal appearance of the prostate on MR images is essential to assess prostatic diseases in dogs.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최지영, "Volumetric Estimation of the Prostate Gland using Computed Tomography in Normal Beagle Dogs" 한국임상수의학회 31 (31): 175-179, 2014

2 Ruel Y, "Ultrasonographic evaluation of the prostate in healthy intact dogs" 39 : 212-216, 1998

3 Kurhanewicz J, "Three-dimensional H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging of the in situ human prostate with high (0.24-0.7-cm3) spatial resolution" 198 : 795-805, 1996

4 Thrall DE, "Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology" Elsevier 749-756, 2013

5 McNeal JE, "Regional morphology and pathology of the prostate" 49 : 347-357, 1968

6 Hornbuckle WE, "Prostatic disease in the dog" 68 : 284-305, 1978

7 Turkbey B, "Prostate cancer : value of multiparametric MR imaging at 3T for detection—histopathologic correlation" 255 : 89-99, 2010

8 Weinreb JC, "PI-RADS prostate imagingreporting and data system 2015, version 2" 69 : 16-40, 2016

9 Isebaert S, "Multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer localization in correlation to whole-mount histopathology" 37 : 1392-1401, 2013

10 Evans HE, "Miller’s anatomy of the dog" Saunders 375-376, 2013

11 Bryan PJ, "Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate" 146 : 543-548, 1986

12 Poon PY, "Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate" 154 : 143-149, 1985

13 Huang Z, "Magnetic resonance imaging correlated with the histopathological effect of Pd-bacteriopheophorbide(Tookad)photodynamic therapy on the normal canine prostate gland" 38 : 672-681, 2006

14 Issa B, "In vivo measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and malignant prostatic tissues using echo-planar imaging" 16 : 196-200, 2002

15 Stolzenburg JU, "Histomorphology of canine urethral sphincter systems, including three-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging" 67 : 624-630, 2006

16 Pickles MD, "Diffusion‐weighted imaging of normal and malignant prostate tissue at 3.0 T" 23 : 130-134, 2006

17 Johnston GR, "Diagnostic imaging of the male canine reproductive organs : Methods and limitations" 21 : 553-589, 1991

18 Rasch C, "Definition of the prostate in CT and MRI : a multi-observer study" 43 : 57-66, 1999

19 Pasikowska J, "Computed tomography of the prostate gland in healthy intact dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia" 50 : 776-783, 2015

20 Lee KJ, "Computed tomography of the prostate gland in apparently healthy entire dogs" 52 : 146-151, 2011

21 Atalan G, "Comparison of ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements of canine prostate dimensions" 40 : 408-412, 1999

22 Sun F, "Canine prostate models in preclinical studies of minimally invasive interventions : part I, canine prostate anatomy and prostate cancer models" 6 : 538-546, 2017

23 De Rooij M, "Accuracy of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection : a meta-analysis" 202 : 343-351, 2014