A philosophical guide to conditionals

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1. Introduction
• 1. Some questions = 1
• 2. Defining 'conditional' = 3
• 3. Challenging the ternary structure = 6
• 4. Two types of conditional = 7
• 5. Labels for the two types = 11
• 6. The relocation thesis = 13
• 7. Independent conditionals = 16
• 8. Idioms = 18
• 2 The Material Conditional : Grice
• 9. The horseshoe analysis : → is ⊃ = 20
• 10. Conversational implicature = 22
• 11. Semantic Occamism = 25
• 12. The Ramsey test = 28
• 13. Ramsey and Grice = 30
• 3. The Material Conditional : Jackson
• 14. Setting the scene = 34
• 15. Conventional implicature = 35
• 16. The case against Jackson's theory = 38
• 17. The unity point = 42
• 18. The or-to-if inference = 43
• 4. The Equation
• 19. Other approaches = 45
• 20. Kinds of probability = 46
• 21. Elements of probability logic = 49
• 22. The Ratio Formula = 51
• 23. Indicative conditionals are zero-intolerant = 54
• 24. The Equation = 57
• 5. The Equation Attacked
• 25. Lewis against the Equation = 60
• 26. Improving on Conditionalization = 63
• 27. Carlstrom and Hill against the Equation = 67
• 28. H$$\acute a$$jek's reinforcement of that argument = 68
• 29. Stalnaker against the Equation = 71
• 30. Some ways of escape = 73
• 31. H$$\acute a$$jek against the Equation = 74
• 6. The Subjectivity of Indicative Conditionals
• 32. Trying to objectivize the Ramsey test = 78
• 33. Davis's theory = 80
• 34. Gibbardian stand-offs = 83
• 35. How special are stand-offs? Does it matter? = 86
• 36. Subjectivity through self-description = 88
• 37. Subjectivity without self-description = 90
• 7. Indicative Conditionals Lack Truth Values
• 38. NTV = 94
• 39. Embedding indicative conditionals = 95
• 40. A special case : A→(B→C) = 98
• 41. Four routes to NTV = 102
• 42. NTV and moral expressivism = 106
• 43. The salutary limits of NTV = 108
• 44. Meaning and expressing = 110
• 45. 'If' and 'when' = 113
• 8. Uses of Indicative Conditionals
• 46. True→False is false = 114
• 47. Is True→True true? = 116
• 48. Inference tickets = 118
• 49. Robustness₁ and robustness₂ = 119
• 50. Non-interference indicative conditionals = 122
• 51. Indicative conditionals and speech acts = 124
• 52. Biscuit conditionals = 125
• 9. The Logic of Indicative Conditionals
• 53. Probabilistic validity = 127
• 54. A→C and Modus Ponens = 133
• 55. Adams's use of Venn diagrams = 134
• 56. Adams and Venn : comparisons and contrasts = 137
• 57. Four probabilistically invalid argument forms = 138
• 58. Or-to-if = 142
• 59. Contraposition = 143
• 60. Transitivity and antecedent strengthening = 145
• 61. Modus Ponens = 147
• 62. Independent indicatives = 149
• 10. Subjunctive Conditionals - First Steps
• 63. Worlds : extreme realism = 152
• 64. Worlds : abstract realism = 155
• 65. Two false logical principles = 159
• 66. Attempts to preserve the principles = 161
• 67. Variably strict conditionals = 163
• 68. Conditionals with disjunctive antecedents = 168
• 69. Why the logics are so alike = 172
• 11. The Competition for 'Closest'
• 70. The limit assumption = 177
• 71. The consequent as context = 180
• 72. Conditional Excluded Middle = 183
• 73. 'Might' = 189
• 12. Unrolling from the Antecedent Time
• 74. Closeness and similarity = 194
• 75. A〉Big-difference = 195
• 76. Objective indeterminateness = 198
• 13. Forks
• 77. Before the antecedent time = 202
• 78. Two scare stories about backward conditionals = 205
• 79. Bumps = 209
• 80. Histories for antecedents = 211
• 81. The need for forks = 214
• 82. What happens at a fork? = 216
• 83. Locational constraints on forks = 219
• 84. Doing without forks = 220
• 14. Reflections on Legality
• 85. The primacy of law = 222
• 86. Miracles = 224
• 87. Counterlegals = 227
• 88. Two kinds of(in) tolerance = 229
• 15. Truth at the Actual World
• 89. Similarity in matters of particular fact = 232
• 90. Solving the particular-fact problem = 234
• 91. Non-interference subjunctive conditionals = 237
• 92. Does A&C entail A〉C? = 239
• 93. Home thoughts from abroad = 241
• 94. Stand or Fall = 242
• 95. Independent subjunctives = 244
• 16. Subjunctive Conditionals and Probability
• 96. Unwanted falsity = 246
• 97. How probability comes into this = 248
• 98. One solution : the near-miss proposal = 249
• 99. A more radical solution : drop truth = 252
• 100. Why drop-truth does not matter much = 253
• 101. Clumping = 256
• 17. 'Even If...'
• 102. 'Even' : preliminaries = 259
• 103. Lycan's account = 260
• 104. Amending Bennett's 1982 account = 263
• 105. 'Even if...' = 268
• 106. Truth or felicity? = 269
• 107. Two words? = 271
• 18. Backward Subjunctive Conditionals
• 108. Banning backward conditionals = 273
• 109. Backward conditionals and the future = 274
• 110. A better theory of backward conditionals = 276
• 111. Looking for a more generous theory = 278
• 112. Counterparts = 280
• 113. Dispensing with histories = 284
• 19. Subjunctive Conditionals and Time's Arrow
• 114. Explaining the arrow of time = 288
• 115. Keeping temporal order out of the analysis = 291
• 116. The metaphysics of world-convergence = 293
• 117. Further problems for Lewis's analysis = 296
• 118. Antecedent relativity = 298
• 20. Support Theories
• 119. Worlds and consequences = 302
• 120. A mistake of Chisholm's = 304
• 121. Cotenability en bloc = 307
• 122. The causal contrapositive problem = 310
• 123. Causal direction = 312
• 124. The logical cleansing problem = 315
• 125. Parry's repairs = 317
• 126. Simple propositions = 319
• 21. The Need for Worlds
• 127. Comparisons amongst worlds = 322
• 128. Trade-offs = 325
• 129. Some real obstacles to Support analyses = 327
• 130. Pollock's analysis of subjunctive conditionals = 329
• 131. Limited Antecedent Strengthening = 332
• 22. Relating the Two Kinds of Conditional
• 132. Bases for accepting indicative conditionals = 336
• 133. Three patterns of explanation = 338
• 134. Different bases for a single conditional = 342
• 135. Indicatives and corresponding subjunctives = 344
• 136. The anatomy of explaining-E bases = 348
• 137. Rebuilding the relocation thesis = 350
• 23. Unifying the Two Kinds of Conditional
• 138. Davis's Y-shaped analysis of conditionals = 356
• 139. Stalnaker's Y-shaped analysis of conditionals = 358
• 140. Ellis's unified analysis of conditionals = 361
• 141. Edgington on the two kinds of conditional = 364
• 142. The Correspondence Thesis = 366
• References = 371
• Index of Persons = 381
• Index of Topics = 385