영어 부가의문문의 통어적 기저구조 = The Deep Structure of the Tag Question in English

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The two types of syntactic deep structure models have often been brought up in literature on Tag Questions : Klima's(1964) model and Stckwell et al.'s (1973) models. In Klima's model, Tag Questions are derived from a simple sentence, an interrogative, and in Stockwell et al. from a complex sentence. To my mind the complex deep structure model seems more convincing; this kind of view is also often found in more recent studies when these theories are discussed. The reason often given is that it seems strange that a sentence should have a deep structure which does not express the same thing as the surface structure. I suggest a derivation of Tag Questions from two sentences in the deep structure instead of from one sentence as in Stockwell et al.'s analysis, where the tag is derived from an ADVERBIAL. Each of the two sentences result in one of the two parts, the statement and the tag, of the urface structure of Tag Question. I find a derivation from two sentences more Plauusible, considering that it is the syntax of the Tag Question that expresses that the speaker has more than one intention with the proposition. In ordinary sentences the speaker usually expresses only one intention, unless there is also one expressed through prosody. The intentions are expressed simultaneously in a reversed polarity Tag Question and are, for example, that the speaker wants to state that the proposition is true and ask if it is true, in the same way as when one of these intentions is expressed by syntax and one by prosody, as is the case in the declarative with rise for question. The intentions expressed in Tag Question are also intended to be interpreted as simultaneous and are in the speaker's mind before he utters Tag Question, in contrast with the case when the tag is an afterthought and in contrast with other co-ordinate clause.
From the viewpoint of children's use of Tag Questions, it is not the complicated structure of the reversed polarity tag question which prevents the child from using them, and the fact that children use the constant polarity tag question before they use the reversed polarity tag question does not have to mean that the reversed polarity tag question has to be developed from the constant polarity tag question.
It seems plausible that the reversed polarity tag question was preceded by the declarative with question tone from a study of historical aspects.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 통어적 기저 구조의 두 모형
• Ⅲ. 복문의 기저 구조의 타당성
• Ⅳ. 결론